tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-117608862024-03-13T06:03:56.716-04:00chantblogblshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.comBlogger997125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-45751025241497331302020-04-10T18:52:00.001-04:002020-04-10T18:52:44.735-04:00Gregorian Chant repertoire recorded at monstery; chants to be posted online<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
From <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/benedictine-nuns-release-gregorian-chants-to-help-ease-coronavirus-isolation">The Guardian</a>, April 9, 2020:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Benedictine nuns release Gregorian chants to help ease coronavirus isolation</b><br />
<br />
A monastery of <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="http://www.benedictinemonks.co.uk/news/st-benedict-the-order/">Benedictine</a> nuns living in seclusion in southern France has opened its doors to allow recordings of its Gregorian chants to be made available to the outside world.<br />
<br />
In what is believed to be the largest recording project ever conducted, the US musician John Anderson followed the 45-strong order for three years. He installed microphones in the abbey church of Notre-Dame de Fidélité de Jouques near Aix-en-Provence in southern <a class="u-underline" data-component="auto-linked-tag" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/france">France</a> and captured the nuns singing their eight daily “offices”. The result is thousands of chants, the entire Gregorian repertoire, about 7,000 hours long.<br />
<br />
The Gregorian chant originated in the 8th century and spread throughout Europe. It accords to <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.stbenedict.co.uk/rule-of-st-benedict">St Benedict’s “rule”</a>, in which the day is divided into balanced divisions of manual and intellectual work, prayer and rest, starting at 5am with the chanting of <i>matins</i>, and concluding with <i>compline </i>at 8pm, followed by the “great silence” of night.</blockquote>
<br />
You can access the Holy Week chants at the link in this paragraph: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
They have ... allowed the release of a week’s worth of their chants <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.neumz.com/">https://www.neumz.com/</a>
for the six days Christians refer to as holy week, preceding Easter
Sunday, the highlight of the religious calendar, when the chants have a
particular importance. The rest is to go live next month.</blockquote>
<br />
Quite a great thing. More at the link above. <br />
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-32922600078213903362020-01-18T17:55:00.001-05:002020-01-19T17:34:50.445-05:00The Gradual for the Baptism of Our Lord: Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel ("Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The singers here are the Benedictine Monks of Saint-Benoît-du-Lac.<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/W81rW_URkjs" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
This chant was originally appointed for "The Sunday Within the Octave of the Epiphany." It's gorgeously melismatic and extravagant, with a beautiful text:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel, qui facit mirabilia magna solus a saeculo.</i><i><br />V. Suscipiant montes pacem populo tuo: et colles justitiam. Alleluia, alleluia.</i><i><br />V. Jubilate Deo omnis terra: servite Domino in laetitia. Alleluia.</i></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, who alone doth wonderful things.<br />
V. Let the mountains receive peace for thy people: and the hills justice. Alleluia, alleluia.—<br />
V. Sing joyfully to God all the earth: serve the Lord with gladness. Alleluia.</blockquote>
<br />
The first part of the chant comes from <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+72&version=KJV">Psalm (71)/72, verse 18</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Blessed be the Lord God, the God of Israel, who only doeth wondrous things.</blockquote>
The verse after that first section is taken from <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+72&version=KJV">Psalm (71/)72:3</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The mountains shall bring peace to the people, and the little hills, by righteousness.</blockquote>
The Alleluia (Verse 2 as given above) is the famous incipit from <a href="http://www3.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Psalm_100">Psalm (99/)100</a>, along with more of Verse 1 and some of Verse 2:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
O be joyful in the Lord, all ye lands: serve the Lord with gladness.</blockquote>
<br />
Here's the chant score:<br />
<br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FAriqkLFqnU/VpGyYgcZ7zI/AAAAAAAAF-g/tL2WkctZN9U/s1600/gr_benedictus_dominus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FAriqkLFqnU/VpGyYgcZ7zI/AAAAAAAAF-g/tL2WkctZN9U/s640/gr_benedictus_dominus.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
It's a bit complicated to explain the history of Epiphany and Baptism of
Our Lord in a couple of sentences, so I'll just cite the following
passages, which come from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord">the Wikipedia entry for Baptism of the Lord</a>, and its pre- and post-Vatican II history:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Baptism of the Lord is observed as a distinct feast in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_rite" title="Roman rite">Roman rite</a>, although it was originally one of three Gospel events marked by the feast of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a>. Long after the visit of the Magi had in the West overshadowed the other elements commemorated in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> instituted in 1955 a separate liturgical commemoration of the Baptism.
<br />
<br />
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tridentine_Calendar" title="Tridentine Calendar">Tridentine Calendar</a>
had no feast of the Baptism of the Lord for almost four centuries. Then
the feast was instituted, under the denomination "Commemoration of the
Baptism of our Lord", for celebration on 13 January as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranking_of_liturgical_days_in_the_Roman_Rite" title="Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite">major double</a>,
using for the Office and the Mass those previously said on the Octave
of the Epiphany, which Pius XII abolished; but if the Commemoration of
the Baptism of Our Lord occurred on Sunday, the Office and Mass were to
be those of the Feast of the Holy Family without any commemoration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>
<br />
In his revision of the calendar five years later, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> kept on 13 January the "Commemoration of the Baptism of our Lord Jesus Christ", with the rank of a second-class feast.
<br />
<br />
A mere 14 years after the institution of the feast, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a>
set its date as the first Sunday after January 6 (as early as January 9
or as late as January 13) or, if in a particular country the Epiphany
is celebrated on January 7 or 8, on the following Monday.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup></blockquote>
<br />
To give the flavor of what "The Sunday Within the Octave of the Epiphany" was like a hundred and fifty years ago, I'll quote from <a href="https://archive.org/details/V03TheLiturgicalYear/page/n175">Dom Prosper Guéranger's Christmas volume on the Liturgical Year</a>. Guéranger was Abbot of Solesmes Abbey, and he wrote extensively on the Liturgical Year (among other things); this volume was first published in 1867.<br />
<br />
The Introit is this mystical one, taken perhaps partly from Isaiah 6:1 and perhaps partly from Revelation and Daniel 7 (see below for citations); the Psalm verse from the <i>Jubilate Deo</i>: (Psalm (99/)100):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>In excelso throno vidi sedere virum, quem adorat multitudo Angelorum psallentes in unum : ecce cujus imperii nomen est in aeternum. Ps. Jubilate Deo omnis terra : servite Domino in laetitia. </i><br />
<br />
I saw a man seated on a high throne, whom a multitude of Angels adored, singing all together : Behold him, whose name and empire are to last for ever. Ps. Sing joyfully to God, all the earth : serve ye the Lord with gladness. </blockquote>
<br />
<a href="https://biblehub.com/isaiah/6-1.htm">(Isaiah 6:1</a> is this:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In the year that King Uzziah died I saw the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up; and the train of his robe filled the temple.</blockquote>
<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+4%3A2&version=ESV">Revelation 4:2</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
At once I was in the Spirit, and behold, a throne stood in heaven, with one seated on the throne.</blockquote>
<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+5%3A11&version=ESV">Revelation 5:11</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Then I looked, and I heard around the throne and the living creatures and the elders the voice of many angels, numbering myriads of myriads and thousands of thousands,</blockquote>
And these verses from <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+7&version=ESV">Daniel 7</a> could very well be source inspirations, too:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
9 “As I looked,<br />
thrones were placed,<br />
and the Ancient of Days took his seat;<br />
his clothing was white as snow,<br />
and the hair of his head like pure wool;<br />
his throne was fiery flames;<br />
its wheels were burning fire.<br />
.....<br />
<br />
13 “I saw in the night visions,<br />
and behold, with the clouds of heaven<br />
there came one like a son of man,<br />
and he came to the Ancient of Days<br />
and was presented before him.<br />
14 <br />
And to him was given dominion<br />
and glory and a kingdom,<br />
that all peoples, nations, and languages<br />
should serve him;<br />
his dominion is an everlasting dominion,<br />
which shall not pass away,<br />
and his kingdom one<br />
that shall not be destroyed.)</blockquote>
<br />
Prior to the singing of the gradual, the priest prays a collect for the day, and then a collect for the commemoration of the Epiphany:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
According to thy divine mercy, O Lord, receive the vows of thy people, who pour forth their prayers to thee : that they may know what their duty requireth of them, and be able to comply with what they know. Through etc.<br />
<br />
O God, who by the direction of a star, didst this day manifest thy only Son to the Gentiles ; mercifully grant, that we, who now know thee by faith, may come at length to see the glory of thy Majesty. Through the same, etc.</blockquote>
Then the Epistle is read; it comes from <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+12&version=ESV">Romans 12, vv 1-5</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
I appeal to you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship. Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect.<br />
<br />
For by the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think, but to think with sober judgment, each according to the measure of faith that God has assigned. For as in one body we have many members, and the members do not all have the same function, so we, though many, are one body in Christ, and individually members one of another. </blockquote>
<blockquote>
</blockquote>
<a href="https://archive.org/details/V03TheLiturgicalYear/page/n175">Guéranger</a> then has this to say about the gradual; he introduces it here by first commenting on the Epistle above:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Apostle invites us to make our offering to the new-born King, after the example of the Magi ; but, the offering which this Lord of all things asks of us, is not anything material or lifeless. He that is Life, gives his whole self to us ; let us, in return, present him our hearts, that is, a living sacrifice, holy, pleasing unto God ; whose service may be reasonable, that is, whose obedience to the divine will may be accompanied by a formal intention of offering itself to its Creator. Here again, let us imitate the Magi, who went back another way into their own country — let us not adopt the ideas of this world, for the world is the covert enemy of our beloved King. Let us reform our worldly prudence according to the divine wisdom of Him, who may well be our guide, seeing he is the Eternal Wisdom of the Father. Let us understand, that no man can be wise without Faith, which reveals to us that we must all be united by love, so as to form one body in Christ, partaking of his life, his wisdom, his light, and his kingly character.<br />
<br />
In the chant which follows the Epistle, the
Church returns to her praise of the ineffable wonders of a God with us :
Justice and righteousness have come down from heaven, to take up their
abode on our mountains and hills.</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
And then, immediately following this gradual came the reading about the event in the Temple, from Jesus' childhood. It's taken from <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%202%3A41-52&version=ESV">Luke Chapter 2, vv 42-52</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
And when he was twelve years old, they went up according to custom. And when the feast was ended, as they were returning, the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. His parents did not know it, but supposing him to be in the group they went a day's journey, but then they began to search for him among their relatives and acquaintances, and when they did not find him, they returned to Jerusalem, searching for him. After three days they found him in the temple, sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions. And all who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers. And when his parents saw him, they were astonished. And his mother said to him, “Son, why have you treated us so? Behold, your father and I have been searching for you in great distress.” And he said to them, “Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father's house?” And they did not understand the saying that he spoke to them. And he went down with them and came to Nazareth and was submissive to them. And his mother treasured up all these things in her heart. And Jesus increased in wisdom and in stature and in favor with God and man.</blockquote>
<br />
Guéranger comments:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Thus, O Jesus! didst thou come down from heaven to teach us. The tender age of Childhood, which thou didst take upon thyself, is no hindrance to the ardour of thy desire that we should know the one only God, who made all things, and thee, his Son, whom he sent to us. When laid in the Crib, thou didst instruct the Shepherds by a mere look ; when swathed in thy humble swaddling-clothes, and subjected to the voluntary silence thou hadst imposed on thyself, thou didst reveal to the Magi the light they sought in following the Star. When twelve years old, thou explainest to the Doctors of Israel the Scriptures which bear testimony to thee. Thou gradually dispellest the shadows of the Law by thy presence and thy words. In order to fulfil the commands of thy heavenly Father, thou dost not hesitate to occasion sorrow to the heart of thy Mother, by thus going in quest of souls that need enlightening. Thy love of man will pierce that tender Heart of Mary with a still sharper sword, when she shall behold thee hanging on the Cross, and expiring in the midst of crudest pain. Blessed be thou, sweet Jesus, in these first Mysteries of thine Infancy, wherein thou already showest thyself devoted to us, and leaving the company of thy Blessed Mother for that of sinful men, who will one day conspire thy death. During the Offertory, the Church resumes her canticles of ioy; the presence of the Divine Infant fills her with joy.</blockquote>
<br />
The Offertory which follows is the first few verses of Psalm (99/)100 again, the beginning of the Jubilate Deo:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Sing joyfully to the Lord, all the earth : serve ye the Lord with gladness : present yourselves to him with transports of joy : for the Lord is God.</blockquote>
And then the Communion song refers back to the Gospel:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Fili quid fecisti nobis sic? Ego et pater tuus dolentes quaerebamus te. Quid est quod me quaerebatis? Nesciebatis, quia in his, quae patris mei sunt oportet me esse?</i><br />
<br />
Son, why hast thou done so with us? I and thy father have sought thee with sorrow, — And why did you seek me? Did you not know that I must be about the concerns of my Father?</blockquote>
So there was a lot going on in those days, on this Sunday! I actually prefer it this way, personally; I love it when there are multiple themes on a single feast day. These tend to draw together disparate Scriptural themes in very interesting and enlightening ways. And so interesting that the <i>Jubilate Deo</i> plays so prominent a role on this Sunday; it's found in three of the five propers on the day.<br />
<br />
I wish I knew more about this chant, though. I looked at <a href="https://media.musicasacra.com/pdf/chants_johner.pdf">Dom Dominic Johner's commentary on the chants</a>, published in 1934, but it is not there; he wrote on the "Feast of the Holy Family" (which has an entirely different set of proper chants), but not on this "Sunday Within the Octave of Epiphany." <br />
<br />
The Feast of the Holy Family is a recent addition to the calendar as well. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Family">Here's that entry from Wkipedia</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Feast of the Holy Family is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical</a> celebration in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>
in honor of Jesus of Nazareth, his mother, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and
his foster father, Saint Joseph, as a family. The primary purpose of
this feast is to present the Holy Family as a model for Christian
families.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-strasser_1-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Family#cite_note-strasser-1">[1]</a></sup>
<br />
From the 17th century, the feast has been celebrated at a local and regional level and at that level was promoted by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a>. In 1921, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XV" title="Pope Benedict XV">Pope Benedict XV</a> made it part of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> and set on the Sunday within the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave_(liturgical)" title="Octave (liturgical)">Octave</a> of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany_(Christian)" title="Epiphany (Christian)">Epiphany</a>; that is to say, on the Sunday between January 7 through January 13, all inclusive (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1954" title="General Roman Calendar of 1954">General Roman Calendar of 1954</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Family#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Family#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> The 1962 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Missal" title="Roman Missal">Roman Missal</a>, whose use is still authorized in the circumstances indicated in the 2007 motu proprio <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i>, follows the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar_of_1960" title="General Roman Calendar of 1960">General Roman Calendar of 1960</a>, which has the celebration on that date.
<br />
<br />
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysterii_Paschalis" title="Mysterii Paschalis">1969 revision</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Roman_Calendar" title="General Roman Calendar">General Roman Calendar</a> moved the celebration to Christmastide, assigning it to the Sunday within the Octave of Christmas, that is, the Sunday between <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Day" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (both exclusive), or if both Christmas Day and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God</a> are Sundays, on 30 December (always a Friday in such years). When not celebrated on a Sunday, it is not a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_day_of_obligation" title="Holy day of obligation">holy day of obligation</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Family#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
<br />
Formerly, the Sunday within the Octave of Christmas was in fact
celebrated only if it fell on 29, 30 or 31 December, since it gave way
to the higher ranked feasts of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Saint Stephen</a>, Saint <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">Holy Innocents</a>. The Feast of the Holy Family that has replaced it outranks these three feasts.
</blockquote>
This explains the absence of "The Sunday Within the Octave of Epiphany"
in Dom Johner's book. Too bad; his comments are always so interesting
and valuable.<br />
<br />
You can see all the propers <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84322785/f39.image">at this online Manuscript from Cluny</a> ("Graduale et prosarium ad usum Cluniacensem"),
published between 0975-1100. It's in the old staffless notation, and looks as
complex and melismatic as the one in the video above. Looks like this
is public domain, and I can use it here, so here's the first page; this
chant begins at the bottom of the page. <br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uLJaO66b3YQ/XiOJPxo1HLI/AAAAAAAAGe8/u1YvssyNPgExc8Q3hUtJB3DO72CgU4aIgCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Graduale_et_prosarium_ad_usum_%255B...%255D_btv1b84322785.JPEG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1534" data-original-width="1024" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uLJaO66b3YQ/XiOJPxo1HLI/AAAAAAAAGe8/u1YvssyNPgExc8Q3hUtJB3DO72CgU4aIgCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/Graduale_et_prosarium_ad_usum_%255B...%255D_btv1b84322785.JPEG" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #343b43; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "roboto_condensed"; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Source gallica.bnf.fr / BnF</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Looks to me as if they used a different Introit for this day ("<i>Venite, adoremus Deum et procidamus ante Dominum : ploremus ante eum, qui fecit nos : quia ipse est Dominus Deus noster</i>"
from Psalm (94/)95?), but that all the rest of the propers are the
same. That is interesting, and I'm going to see if I can find out where
the Trent introit came from.<br />
<br />
EDIT: Just now found <a href="https://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/bcj/0018/48/0/Sequence-66">a slightly more recent ("before 1160-1170") manuscript from the Abbey of Bellelay in Switzerland</a> that uses the <i>In excelso throno</i> Introit, so it's at least that old.<br />
<br />
<br />
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<a href="http://www3.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Benedictus_Dominus,_MH_495_(Johann_Michael_Haydn)">Michael Haydn</a> apparently set this text, but there is no video recording of it online.<br />
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-42957791742080909292020-01-06T21:13:00.000-05:002020-01-06T22:03:29.017-05:00An Epiphany Responsory: In columbae specie ("In the form of a dove")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i>In columbae specie</i> is the ninth responsory of Epiphany Matins in the Sarum Breviary; in the Roman Breviary, it's used as the second responsory. It's sung here beautifully by the Schola Hungarica, with Janka Szendrei and László Dobszay. <br />
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<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TbA5ob_9PHU" width="560"></iframe><br />
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Here are the words of the Responsory itself, in Latin and English, <a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/officium.pl">from Divinum Officium</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> In colúmbæ spécie Spíritus Sanctus visus est, Patérna vox audíta est:</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> * Hic est Fílius meus diléctus, in quo mihi bene complácui.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> Cæli apérti sunt super eum, et vox Patris intónuit.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> Hic est Fílius meus diléctus, in quo mihi bene complácui.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> The Holy Ghost appeared in a bodily shape like a dove, and the voice of the Father was heard:</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> * This is My beloved Son, in Whom I am well pleased.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> The heavens were opened unto him, and, lo, the voice of the Father was heard, like unto thunder, saying:</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> This is My beloved Son, in Whom I am well pleased.</span></blockquote>
The text is taken from <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+3&version=ESV">Luke 3:22</a>, part of the story of the Baptism of Jesus by John in the River Jordan - one of events historically celebrated on the Feast of the Epiphany:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
15 As the people were in expectation, and all were questioning in their hearts concerning John, whether he might be the Christ, 16 John answered them all, saying, “I baptize you with water, but he who is mightier than I is coming, the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire. 17 His winnowing fork is in his hand, to clear his threshing floor and to gather the wheat into his barn, but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.”<br />
<br />
18 So with many other exhortations he preached good news to the people. 19 But Herod the tetrarch, who had been reproved by him for Herodias, his brother's wife, and for all the evil things that Herod had done, 20 added this to them all, that he locked up John in prison.<br />
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21 Now when all the people were baptized, and when Jesus also had been baptized and was praying, the heavens were opened, 22 <b>and the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form, like a dove; and a voice came from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.</b>”</blockquote>
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The singers have inserted an extra-responsorial, prose-like text into the middle of this chant, as you probably noted. It's called <a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/242023"><i>Quem non prevalent</i></a>, and was actually used at the offices on Epiphany in some places. (The general subtitle to the CD above is "Gregorian Chants from Austria," so I'm assuming for now that is primarily where this was used. And indeed there is something about it in this paper titled "<a href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1100/1861e9621066cc991032bf9d7b24af5c98f0.pdf">The Identification of<i> Quem Non Prevalent</i> in Klosterneuburg, Augustiner-Chorherrenstift-Bibliothek, 1013</a>." So there's the Austrian connection; I still need to read this paper, though.)<br />
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Here's the chant score of the Responsory itself, from the <a href="https://hmcwordpress.humanities.mcmaster.ca/renwick/breviary/latin-breviary/temporale/">Sarum Rite website</a>; as you will see, the text is slightly different:<br />
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Here are the words from <a href="https://hmcwordpress.humanities.mcmaster.ca/renwick/breviary/latin-breviary/temporale/">the Sarum Breviary, in Latin and English</a>; I've bolded the section that departs from the text used in the Roman Breviary. <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> In colúmbæ spécie Spíritus Sanctus visus est, </span><span style="color: black;">† Patérna vox audíta est:</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> * Hic est Fílius meus diléctus, in quo mihi bene complácui. </span><span style="color: black;">‡Ipsum audíte. </span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> </span><b><span style="color: black;">Vox Dómini super aquas Deus majestátis intónuit : Dóminus super aquas multas. </span>†Patérna.</b><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> </span>Glória. ‡Ipsum. <span style="color: black;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> </span><br />
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> IN the form of a dove * the Ho-ly Spi- rit was seen : † The voice of the Father was heard, </span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> * This is My beloved Son, in Whom I am well pleased. </span><span style="color: black;">‡Hear ye him. </span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> </span><b><span style="color: black;">The voice of the Lord is upon the waters ; the God of majesty hath thundered : the Lord is upon many waters. </span>†The voice.</b><br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span></span> Glory be. ‡Hear.<br />
<span style="color: black;"> </span></blockquote>
This alternate Sarum verse is taken, verbatim, from <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+29%3A3&version=KJV">Psalm 29:3</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
3 The voice of the Lord is upon the waters: the God of glory thundereth: the Lord is upon many waters.</blockquote>
Looks to me that the Roman Breviary text may be a nod towards the Baptism story in <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+3&version=NIV">Matthew 3</a>; it contains the same reference to the "heavens opening":<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: black;">The heavens were opened unto him, and, lo, the voice of the Father was heard, like unto thunder, saying:</span></blockquote>
<a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/467661">According to Cantus database</a>, this Responsory was used in many places on the Octave of Epiphany, rather than on Epiphany itself (as far as I can tell so far). Interesting to note, too, that it is <a href="https://chantblog.blogspot.com/2018/01/the-sung-gospel-at-epiphany-matins.html">Luke's genalogy</a> - which is recounted <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+3&version=NIV">immediately following the Baptism story in Luke</a> - that is sung at the end of Epiphany Matins in the Sarum Rite. I would bet that accounts for <i>In columbae specie</i> being used as the ninth, rather than the second, responsory, in the Sarum Breviary.<br />
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Sr. Fidelis, of the Community of Jesus, <a href="https://www.communityofjesus.org/in-the-form-of-a-dove/">writes on this Responsory</a>; as you can see, she is referring to as a responsory "for the octave of Epiphany," which "brings us right to the scene of the Baptism of Jesus," as the modern calendar celebrates these two (now separate) feasts:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
One of the loveliest Responsories for the octave of Epiphany brings us right to the scene of the Baptism of Jesus. The text is as follows: “In the form of a dove the holy Spirit was seen; the Father’s voice was heard: ‘This is my beloved son, in whom I am well pleased.’ V. The heavens opened over him and the voice of the Father thundered.”<br />
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The Responsory follows a particular pattern: the first section of the piece is chanted, after which a verse is sung, usually by a single voice. Then all begin at a point halfway through the first section, and chant to the end.<br />
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This Mode 2 Responsory has an almost plaintive quality to it. You’ll notice the FA clef, so often used with Mode 2 chants. The high point of the chant comes on the text paterna vox — the voice of the Father. If you look closely at the chant below while listening to the recording, you’ll notice that in some instances, the notes differ from what is written in square notation. This particular piece was chanted and recorded according to the ancient neumes, taken from the Hartker Antiphoner — a manuscript from around the early 11th century! Listen to it a second time, while looking at the ancient neumes written above the square notation, and you’ll “see” what you are hearing! It is fascinating to note the slight variation in the melody and how it has changed over the centuries. <br />
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There is also an mp3 at that page.<br />
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I cannot find a good
.jpg representation of this Matins chant at the <a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/467661">Cantus database</a>! Each
available image is the chant as used on the Octave of Epiphany, or else
used in another way on Epiphany. I will have to take a look at that Octave usage, too, to see if it's exactly the same chant as this one.<br />
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But here's a wonderful <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Verrocchio,_Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Battesimo_di_Cristo_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg"><i>Battesimo di Cristo</i></a> I haven't seen before, from around 1475; it's credited to both Andrea Verrocchio and Leonardo da Vinci:<br />
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-45385552880163068472019-12-29T22:28:00.000-05:002019-12-30T11:55:41.752-05:00A Responsory for the Feast of St. Thomas Becket: Iacet granum oppressum palea ("The grain of wheat lies smothered by the chaff") <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i>Iacet granum oppressum palea</i> is the Third Responsory at Matins in the Sarum Breviary for the Feast of St. Thomas Becket, December 29. But it is also used, sometimes in procession, at the end of (what would normally be Second) Vespers of the Feast of the Holy Innocents - that is, Vespers of the day before the Feast of St. Thomas Becket - and in a very interesting way. More about that below.<br />
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First, the chant, beautifully sung here by Egeria Voices, a Spanish a capella group:<br />
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EFzwPy8Kn-c" width="560"></iframe><br />
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Here are the words, in Latin and English:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>R. Jacet granum oppressum palea, <br /> Justus coesus pravorum framea, <br /> Coelum domo commutans lutea. <br />V. Cadit custos vitis in vinea, <br /> Dux in castris, oultor in area, <br /> Coelum domo commutans lutea. </i></blockquote>
<blockquote>
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R. The grain of wheat lies smothered by the chaff, <br />
the just man slain by the sword of sinners.<br />
Changing his house of clay for heaven. <br />
V. The vine-keeper dies in his vineyard, <br />
the general in his camp, the husbandman on the place of his toil. <br />
Changing his house of clay for heaven. </blockquote>
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St. Thomas Becket was the Archbishop of Canterbury who was murdered by soldiers of King Henry II of England in Canterbury Cathedral on December 29 in the year 1170. This was an event that shocked England and all of Europe, and Thomas was canonized only three years later. You can read<a href="https://blog.britishmuseum.org/thomas-becket-the-murder-that-shook-the-middle-ages/"> a full account of the event and its repercussions at the British Museum website</a>. Here's a quote from that page:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Becket’s death and subsequent miracles transformed Canterbury Cathedral into one of the most important pilgrimage destinations in Europe. In 1220 his body was moved from the crypt to a glittering new shrine in a purpose-built chapel upstairs in the Cathedral. Geoffrey Chaucer famously captured something of the atmosphere of pilgrimage to this shrine in his Canterbury Tales. In death Becket remained a figure of opposition to unbridled power and became seen as the quintessential defender of the rights of the Church. To this end you can find images of his murder in churches across Latin Christendom, from Germany and Spain, to Italy and Norway. Becket was, and remains, a truly European saint. His relics at Canterbury were visited by people from across the continent until 1538, when Henry VIII would label him a traitor, order the destruction of his shrine and try to wipe him from history altogether. That, however, is a story for another time.</blockquote>
Here's a page containing this chant, from the <a href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b60007359/f284.image">Antiphonarium Massiliense</a>, an Antiphoner from Marseille cathedral. It's from the late 12th century, dated to between 1190 and 1200. <br />
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The week following Christmas is packed with Feast Days: St. Stephen on December 26; St. John the Evangelist on December 27; Holy Innocents on December 28; St. Thomas Becket on December 29. The liturgies of the week are therefore very complex; each of these feasts has its own antiphons, prayers, responsories, and hymns - and each day includes a sort of First/Second-Vespers-Memorial-mashup of the Feast itself with each following feast day. (These seem sometimes to be referred to as "Memorials," even though Memorials are - as their name would imply - normally a hearkening-back to a feast day that's already happened. Normally major feasts have a First and Second Vespers, too - but one day just tumbles into the next during this week, so it's a bit confusing, and hard to know what to call Vespers during this time!) There are other ordinary memorials throughout the week, too: of Christmas every day, and also memorials for each prior feast. And then each of these feast days has its octave one week later, most falling within the twelve days. It's all very complicated - made more so in emotional resonance by the fact that three of four of these major feast are martyrs' days. In any case it is a very, very rich set of offices.<br />
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As I noted above, this chant,<i> Iacet granum oppressum palea</i>, is introduced at the end of Second Vespers of Holy Innocents - then used again at Matins of St. Thomas Becket a few hours later. And, at that First/Second Vespers/Memorial mashup, this chant is also associated with a "Procession to the Altar of St. Thomas."<br />
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The set of screenshots below comes from <a href="https://archive.org/details/V02TheLiturgicalYear/page/n371">Volume 2 of Prosper Guéranger's "The Liturgical Year"</a>; this Volume contains commentary on the Christmastide liturgies. (It's actually just the first volume of what Guéranger classified as Christmas liturgies. Volume 1 begins at Christmas Eve, and runs through the Vigil of the Epiphany; Volume 2 begins on Epiphany, and runs through and includes Candlemas, and then the following Sundays through Quinquagesima.)<br />
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Anyway, here's Guéranger's take on this Responsory and its function; note, too, that the Responsory-plus-Prose is entirely in rhyme in the Latin:<br />
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Here's a full description of the celebration of the feast, from an 1894 publication of <i>The Dublin Review</i>, in an article titled <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fVcVAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Ancient Offices of Some of </i></a><i><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fVcVAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false">England's Saints</a>.</i><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>S. Thomas Of Canterbury.</b><br />
<br />
From the day when Henry II. bestowed the crown of martyrdom on his primate, to the day when a still more ferocious Henry rifled his tomb, and threw his sacred ashes to the four winds, no more popular name was to be found in the Calendar of English Saints than that of Thomas Becket.<br />
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His festivals, therefore, as may well be imagined, were celebrated with especial splendour, and a more than wonted beauty is to be met with in his offices. Of these the Sarum Breviary gives three varieties.<br />
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The office for his festival proper, observed on December 29th, the solemn commemoration for the feast of the translation of his relics, and a weekly commemoration, or, as we should say, votive office.<br />
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The celebration of the great festival, December 29th, commenced on the day preceding the feast itself with what was called a memorial.<br />
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This memorial was made in two ways. In certain churches, probably the more important, immediately after vespers, and without changing their vestments, the clergy and choir proceeded, in solemn procession, nevertheless, without candles in their hands, as the rubric expressly states, to the altar of St. Thomas, and, as they went, they hymned their hero's victory. "The wheaten grain lies prone before the flail," runs the quaintly beautiful sequence with which Sarum honoured the greatest of England's saints. "The righteous man, hewn down by impious swords, thereby exchanging squalid earth for Heaven. The vineyard's keeper falls beside the vine. The captain on the battle-field lies low, the husbandman within his threshing-floor. From squalid earth, Christ's martyr mounts to Heaven."*<br />
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Having reached the altar, this as well as the image of the saint was incensed by the officiating priest, while the rest of the clergy and the choir, grouped around, continued their triumphant canticle:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Sound ye the gladsome trump of victory,<br />
<br />
For this, that God's own vineyard might be free,<br />
<br />
*R. Jacet granum oppressum palea, <br />
Justus coesus pravorum framea, <br />
Coelum domo commutans lutea. <br />
V. Cadit custos vitis in vinea, <br />
Dux in castris, oultor in area, <br />
Coelum domo commutans lutea. <br />
Which, clad in human flesh, Himself had freed <br />
By dying on the purple blood-stained cross. <br />
The savage beast of prey becomes a lamb, <br />
The shepherd's crnel death converts his foe, <br />
Christ's marble pavement flows all red with blood. <br />
Thus Thomas wins the martyr's laurel crown, <br />
And like the wheaten grain, from husk set free, <br />
Is garnered in the storehouse of the King.* </blockquote>
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Then was intoned the <i>V. Ora pro nobis Beate Thoma, &c.</i>, with its accompanying <i>R.,</i> and afterwards followed the Collect, the same which we still use.<br />
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The memorial completed, the clergy returned to the choir; but great was the devotion of the ancient Church of England to the Mother of God. She loved to associate the name of Mary, with all her joys and all her sorrows. <i>In redeundo, </i>runs the rubric,<i> dicitur Responsorium vel Antiphona de Sancta Maria.</i><br />
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In those churches in which it was not customary to have a procession on St. Thomas's Eve, the following antiphon was substituted for the above prose:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The watchful pastor, slain amid his flock, <br />
Their peace procures, by pouring out his blood. <br />
O joyous sorrow! O most mournful joy! <br />
The sheep draw breath, the shepherd lyeth low, <br />
And weeping Mother Church applauds a son <br />
"Who, by his death a victor, mounts to Heaven. +</blockquote>
All the antiphons at this office are rhythmical and rhyming.<br />
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Those at Matins form a sort of metrical legend of the Saint's life, the chief characteristic of which is quaintness. Several of them, however, are not without a certain naive beauty. Take, for example, the ninth, which sings of the happiness of the place and of the church, in which the memory of Thomas dwells, of the country which gave him birth, and of the land which afforded him shelter during his exile:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Ant. 9.—Felix locus, felix ecclesia:<br />
<br />
In qua Thomse viget memoria: <br />
Felix terra quae dedit proesulem <br />
Felix ilia quae fovit exulem: <br />
Felix pater, sucurre miseris: <br />
Ut felices jungamur superis. </blockquote>
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________________________________________________<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
* Prosa. <br />
Clangat pastor in tuba cornea. <br />
Ut libera sit Christi vinea, <br />
Quam, assumptae sub carnis trabea, <br />
Liberavit cruce purpurea, <br />
Adversatrix ovis erronea <br />
Fit pastoris ccede sanguinea, <br />
Pavimenta Christi mamorea <br />
Sacro madent cruore rubea. <br />
Mart ir vitse donatus laurea, <br />
Velut granum purgatum palea, <br />
In divina transfertur horrea <br />
Curium donio commutans lutea. <br />
+ Pastor caesus in gregis medio <br />
Pacem emit cruoris precio. <br />
O loetus dolor in tristi gaudio, <br />
Grex respirat pastore mortuo. <br />
Plangens plaudit mater in filio, <br />
Quia vivit victor sub gladio. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
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Lots more on all the offices of the day at that article! It's clear that this was a very important day, in the middle of a very important week; the offices are very ornate and rich in every way.<br />
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<a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/16150/56/ESB-09%20Ss%20Innocentiam.pdf">Here is the entire Responsory-plus-Prose</a> / Procession from the Holy Innocents page at <a href="https://hmcwordpress.humanities.mcmaster.ca/renwick/">The Sarum Rite</a> English Scholarly Breviary; it immediately follows Memorials for Nativity, St. Stephen, and St. John the Evangelist:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wYpKpQ15CCY/XglRhMDkydI/AAAAAAAAGdg/hFcSKx67zv8LQMHGiSPs62pjEtEZDr_0QCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/jacet-granus-english-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1126" data-original-width="902" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wYpKpQ15CCY/XglRhMDkydI/AAAAAAAAGdg/hFcSKx67zv8LQMHGiSPs62pjEtEZDr_0QCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/jacet-granus-english-1.png" width="512" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2W70IkerKVc/XglRhe7QS-I/AAAAAAAAGdo/o8O9gzTM17sciPoZ6Kazad8GvNzst63cwCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/jacet-granus-english-3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="825" height="920" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2W70IkerKVc/XglRhe7QS-I/AAAAAAAAGdo/o8O9gzTM17sciPoZ6Kazad8GvNzst63cwCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/jacet-granus-english-3.png" width="480" /></a></div>
The Responsory chant itself was used in many places, from England to France to Czechia to Hungary. See the <a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/396200">full list of concordences at the University of Waterloo chant database</a>.<br />
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At some point I'll create images for the full Procession score in Latin, too, and will post it here. Also, I would love to find a recording of the Prose section of the chant used at the Vespers memorial; if I too, I'll post that here, too.<br />
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-86338000390848612782019-12-18T17:48:00.000-05:002019-12-18T17:51:46.630-05:00An Advent Responsory: Ecce Dies Veniunt ("Behold, the days come")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i>Ecce Dies Veniunt</i> is the ninth responsory at Mattins on the First Sunday of Advent in the Roman Breivary. But it's sung at First Vespers on the First Sunday of Advent in the Sarum Breviary. Either way, it was clearly an important chant.<br />
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Here it's sung by Gregoriana.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" data-ss1568853163="1" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ruVtYbCiS_Q" width="459"></iframe><br />
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Here are the words, in Latin and English, from <a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/officium.pl">Divinum Officium</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>R.</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> Ecce dies véniunt, dicit Dóminus, et suscitábo David germen justum: et regnábit rex, et sápiens erit, et fáciet judícium et justítiam in terra:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">* Et hoc est nomen quod vocábunt eum: * Dóminus justus noster.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>V.</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> In diébus illis salvábitur Juda, et Israël habitábit confidénter.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>R.</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> Et hoc est nomen quod vocábunt eum:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>V.</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> Glória Patri, et Fílio, * et Spirítui Sancto.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>R.</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> Dóminus justus noster.<br />
<br />
</span><span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>R.</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch; and a King shall reign in wisdom and shall execute judgment and justice in the earth:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">* And this is His name whereby He shall be called: * The Lord our Righteous one.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>V.</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> In His days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>R.</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> And this is His name whereby He shall be called.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>V.</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, * and to the Holy Ghost.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: red; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>R.</i></span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; display: inline; float: none; font-family: "times new roman"; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> The Lord our Righteous one.</span> </blockquote>
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Here is the chant score, from <a href="https://hmcwordpress.humanities.mcmaster.ca/renwick/breviary/latin-breviary/temporale/">The Sarum Rite</a>, at McMaster University, Toronto. There are some melodic differences between this score and what's sung on the video above.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QGgM3IkHtks/XfBxORsDfnI/AAAAAAAAGbg/YDCqZ9MnvukuxqDDDoa6SEUZqBWapGV7gCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/ecce-dies-veniunt.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="964" data-original-width="776" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QGgM3IkHtks/XfBxORsDfnI/AAAAAAAAGbg/YDCqZ9MnvukuxqDDDoa6SEUZqBWapGV7gCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/ecce-dies-veniunt.png" width="513" /></a></div>
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This Responsory is also listed <a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/node/559839">in Cantus Database</a> as a Responsory for other Advent Sundays. So it appears it was used in various ways and at various times in different locations and at different times.<br />
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Here's an image of the chant as used as an Advent 1 Vespers Responsory, from the <a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123610">Antiphonarium Benedictinum (1400)</a> used at the Abbey of Sankt Lambrecht (Steiermark, Austria).<br />
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Here's another one from Austria (<a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123654">Klosterneuburg</a>), and about the same period; it's another Vespers Responsory for Advent 1:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WE9Fr7BpAWo/XfqpUBqEMCI/AAAAAAAAGcM/nBMLYfdScSwOtyPDoYIHlH_1wEnGu_NiwCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/AT5000-1011_1r.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WE9Fr7BpAWo/XfqpUBqEMCI/AAAAAAAAGcM/nBMLYfdScSwOtyPDoYIHlH_1wEnGu_NiwCNcBGAsYHQ/s640/AT5000-1011_1r.jpg" width="426" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/589069">This</a> is from a "Late-thirteenth century Cistercian antiphoner (dated c. 1295) from Lubiąż in modern-day south-western Poland (German: Leubus). 272 folios. Green five-line staff with a red F-line and a yellow C-line." It was used as a Matins Reponsory on Advent 3.<br />
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And <a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123677">this earlier one</a> comes from a "Cistercian antiphoner from the Abbey of St. Mary of Morimondo in the diocese of Milan. Second half of the twelfth century (up to 1174)." It's written in staffless musical notation, as you can see; it was also used as a Matins Reponsory on Advent 3.<br />
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-116866888629958042019-12-07T15:12:00.002-05:002019-12-07T15:15:44.254-05:00More about Veni Redemptor Gentium ("Come, Savior of the Nations")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This beautiful hymn was appointed for First Vespers of Christmas in the Sarum Breviary (although sung to a different melody), and is today used in the Roman Catholic Liturgy of the Hours at the Office of Readings from December 17 through December 24, which puts it on the same schedule at the Great O Antiphons at Vespers. (It was not used in the Roman Breviary, however.)<br />
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The hymn text is very old: from the fourth century and attributed to St. Ambrose. Here's a sung arrangement of the hymn accompanied by soprano saxophone; as you will hear, the chant choir sings two different and distinct melodies for the various verses:<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lY5EztLcSVo" width="480"></iframe><br />
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All of this is a good intro to something I've wondered about since <a href="https://chantblog.blogspot.com/2012/12/an-advent-hymn-for-matins-veni.html">first posting on it years ago</a>! The first melody is a straightforward Gregorian chant tune; the second is a tune from a 16th-century German Chorale ("<i>Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland</i>" - essentially the same phrase in German translation) written, possibly, by Martin Luther (or possibly by Johann Walter, his collaborator).<br />
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The question is: where did the second melody come from, and how is it related to the first, Gregorian chant tune? I had for a long time thought that the two tunes were simply two versions of the original Gregorian melody - or else that one was an Ambrosian tune and the other was Gregorian. But the reality is apparently otherwise.<br />
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To start: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veni_redemptor_gentium">here is the Gregorian chant score</a>; this is the first melody sung by the choir:<br />
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And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun_komm,_der_Heiden_Heiland">this is the second melody</a>, as written out by Martin Luther or his editors ("<i>Martin Luther und andere</i>") for the <i>Erfurt Enchiridion</i>, the second Lutheran hymnal published in 1524:<br />
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<a href="http://www.bach-cantatas.com/CM/Nun-komm.htm">Here's the Bach Cantata website</a> on the Chorale melody (as used by Bach in various of his works):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div align="LEFT">
This melody is first documented as a Roman Catholic Latin hymn based upon Gregorian chant in manuscript form in Einsiedeln (Schwyz) around 1120. The same melody source served as a basis for three important chorale melodies: “Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland”, ‘Verleih uns Frieden gnädiglich” (<a href="http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Lib/Luther.htm">Luther</a>’s CT based upon the antiphon ‘Da pacem Domine”) and <a href="http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Lib/Luther.htm">Martin Luther</a>’s CT,“Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort”.</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">>>The Lutheran Reformation in the early 16th century led to the creation of a new repertory of sacred music based on the chorale. Chorales were initially sung by the congregation in unison and unaccompanied. Most were adapted from chant, from German devotional songs (many of which were themselves reworkings of chant) and from secular songs, or were composed using conventional melodic types and formulae. Techniques of adaptation ranged from simple contrafactum to ingenious reworkings, such as </span><a href="http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Lib/Luther.htm"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Luther</span></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">'s reshaping of the Gregorian hymn <i>Veni Redemptor gentium</i> as the chorale <i>Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland.<<</i></span><i><br />
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</i><span style="font-size: xx-small;">J. Peter Burkholder<i> </i>in Grove Music Online, ©</span><a href="http://www.oup.com/"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Oxford University Press</span></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> 2006, acc. 5/26/06</span></div>
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Burkholder presents examples of the Gregorian chant and “Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland” in close proximity so that the similarities and differences can become apparent:</div>
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(I have searched online for the Einsiedeln manuscript, but haven't been successful in finding a scored version of the hymn so far; I am still looking for it, though, and will post it if I find one. However, this snippet from the Bach Cantata website clearly implies that the chant melody is directly related to the chorale melody.)<br />
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Then there is this, from the <i><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ih8wDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA564#v=onepage&q&f=false">Encyclopedia of Martin Luther and the Reformation, Volume 2</a>. </i>edited by Mark A. Lamport:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Luther translated the seven stanzas of Ambrose's “Veni, Redemptor, gentium” fairly literally, characteristically adding a doxology, but he changed the meter from basically Long Meter (8888, sometimes with lines of 9) to 7777 (with some elisions).</blockquote>
The same source continues in re: the melody:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>The Tune </b><br />
<br />
Luther altered the tune that went with the Latin text. He thought that simply to transfer chant tunes associated with Latin texts to German translations would create a faulty imitation that would not sing well. He wanted a hymn's tune to grow out of the language one was using and to reflect its particular accents and inflections. Text and tune were to form an organic whole. A tune that worked for a Latin text might not work for a German one, which meant that some revisions might have to be made.<br />
<br />
Luther left the melodic contour of this tune as it was, but changed other things. First, the five melismas in the chant tune were reduced in the German version to two unobtrusive ones that sing easily. The tune became more syllabic. Second, Luther gave the second phrase a more decisive cadence. Third, the upward leap of a third in the first line was turned into a fourth. These alterations propelled the tune forward with a more proclamatory push and made it both easier to learn and more congregational.<br />
<br />
A fourth alteration may seem subtle and not even recognized at first, but it is telling: the first line was repeated as the last. This move reflected the meaning of the text and its structure. The hymn made a turn forward and back at stanzas 4 and 5. After marveling at the wonder of it all and preparing the way for Christ's coming in the first stanzas, stanzas 4 and 5 led from God to humanity and then back to God as a result of the victory Christ wins. Luther's alterations not only moved the tune from meditatively prayerful to more vigorously proclamatory and made the tune's musical exegesis into a bold chorale that joyfully celebrates the grace of God; they also mirrored the meaning of the text by matching its structure.</blockquote>
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And finally there's <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=upf7hRhx55sC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false">this analysis from <i>The Tradition of Western Music</i></a>, by Gerald Abraham:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The melody whose adventures I want to follow in some detail belongs to a much later period. The words of the Advent hymn ‘Veni, redemptor gentium' go back to the fourth century but the melody seems to be no older than the early twelfth. All the same, it has come down to us in several minor variant forms: for instance, the word 'ostende' is sung in one version to three repeated notes, in another to three notes ascending scalewise. But it was a much loved melody, particularly in Germany; it is significant that the two oldest manuscripts in which it is found are both German, and four centuries later the German Protestants lost no time in providing it with German words. The Protestant extremist Thomas Müntzer published in 1524 a translation which begins:</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
O Herr, Erlöser alles Volks, <br />
komm, zeig uns die Geburt deins Sohns, <br />
es wundern sich all Creaturen <br />
dass Christ also ist Mensch worden.</blockquote>
In 1531 it appeared in one of the German song-books of the Bohemian Brethren, Michael Weisse's Ein Nem Gesengbuchlen, with a completely new text. Both these German texts were fitted to the plainsong with only minimal changes in the actual notes, though even the fitting of different vowels and consonants to plainsong produces a certain change of character. Here are (a) the plainsong in probably its earliest surviving form,* (b) the version with Müntzer's words:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LOAWkkkq-zw/Xev2r2Aop5I/AAAAAAAAGbA/Mt5MS10za-ECw22pNaTvAYR7Ng0di_LZACNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/bandicam%2B2019-12-07%2B13-59-13-966.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="461" data-original-width="738" height="248" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LOAWkkkq-zw/Xev2r2Aop5I/AAAAAAAAGbA/Mt5MS10za-ECw22pNaTvAYR7Ng0di_LZACNcBGAsYHQ/s400/bandicam%2B2019-12-07%2B13-59-13-966.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<blockquote>
<br />
Luther went farther than this. In the same year as Müntzer, 1524, he printed in his so-called <i>Achtliederbuch </i>not only the translation which is sung to this day, 'Nun komm der Heiden Heiland', but a metrical modification of the melody which removes it from the sphere of plainsong to that of German song. This version was not meant to be sung by a monastic choir, as the plainsong was, nor by a little sectarian body such as a congregation of Bohemian Brethren. We know fairly well how the early Lutheran hymns were sung: not harmonized or by a trained choir or supported by an organ, but by the whole congregration in unison led by a choir of schoolboys who had had the hymns drilled into them by rote. The boys were sometimes scattered among the adult congregation; sometimes the cantor himself stood in the middle of the church. In these conditions the flexibility of plainsong was impossible; something firm, steady, and square-cut like German secular song of the time was needed. (Why German secular song tended to be square-cut is a matter that will have to be dealt with later.) The first note of a hymn-tune is often written as a long one, presumably to give the congregation a moment to pick up the pitch sounded by the cantor and his boys; the phrase are separated by pauses. But Luther's substitution of firmly stressed, rhyming heptasyllables for the smooth octosyllabic Latin verse necessitated changes in the melody itself. </blockquote>
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This last article goes into quite a lot of detail, and IMO is very worth reading in its entirety.<br />
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From all this, a couple of things seem very clear:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>This hymn melody is not as old as I had thought. One source says it's from twelfth-century Einsiedeln; another says fourteenth century. (These two researchers could have been looking at two versions of the same chant manuscript, separated by two centuries; this might account for the difference.)</li>
<li>There were never two different chant melodies, but only one! Luther (or Walter) reworked a chant, changing the meter so that it would work well with a German translation of the text. And that is quite interesting, because on first (or tenth!) hearing, the two tunes do not seem very alike, or in fact in any way related.</li>
</ul>
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Interestingly, a contemporary composer, Andrew Smith, has set this hymn in a similar way. He has used the two different melodies as sung in the video above - and added his own composition as well, using Luther's tune for the verses sung in English. It's sung here beautifully by the wonderful <a href="http://newyorkpolyphony.com/">New York Polyphony</a>.<br />
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rvXhRhPa1MY" width="560"></iframe><br />
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For the record: the Sarum Breviary used a different melody altogether. From this blog's <a href="https://chantblog.blogspot.com/2008/12/christmas-office.html">Sarum Christmas Office page</a>.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<a href="http://www.llpb.us/MP3Hymns/SeasonalPropers/302%201%20Hymn,%20Come%20Thou%20Redeemer.MP3"><b>LLPB offers this mp3</b> for <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Veni, Redemptor Gentium</span></span></a>, which it calls "The first hymn for the Feast of the Nativity of our Lord." <a href="http://www.oremus.org/hymnal/c/c308.html">The translation from Oremus</a> is by J.M. Neale:</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
Come, thou Redeemer of the earth,<br />
and manifest thy virgin birth:<br />
let every age adoring fall;<br />
such birth befits the God of all.<br />
<br />
Begotten of no human will,<br />
but of the Spirit, thou art still<br />
the Word of God in flesh arrayed,<br />
the promised fruit to man displayed.<br />
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The virgin womb that burden gained<br />
with virgin honor all unstained;<br />
the banners there of virtue glow;<br />
God in his temple dwells below.<br />
<br />
Forth from his chamber goeth he,<br />
that royal home of purity,<br />
a giant in twofold substance one,<br />
rejoicing now his course to run.<br />
<br />
From God the Father he proceeds,<br />
to God the Father back he speeds;<br />
his course he runs to death and hell,<br />
returning on God's throne to dwell.<br />
<br />
O equal to thy Father, thou!<br />
Gird on thy fleshly mantle now;<br />
the weakness of our mortal state<br />
with deathless might invigorate.<br />
<br />
Thy cradle here shall glitter bright,<br />
and darkness breathe a newer light,<br />
where endless faith shall shine serene,<br />
and twilight never intervene.<br />
<br />
All laud to God the Father be,<br />
all praise, eternal Son, to thee;<br />
all glory, as is ever meet,<br />
to God the Holy Paraclete. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-72776329586319233432019-06-11T19:50:00.001-04:002019-06-18T14:39:14.406-04:00Benedicite, omnia opera Domini: A Lauds Canticle (for Pentecost)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i>Benedicite, omnia opera Domini</i> is the Lauds Canticle for Sundays and Feast Days. This version uses the Pentecost antiphon,<i> Fontes, et omnia</i>. It's sung by the Schola Liturgiczna, Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego Zakonu Paulinów (The Liturgical Schola Of the Major Seminary of the Pauline Order), based in Krakow, Poland. Their website is linked below the video, as is their Facebook page. <br />
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/idpULBcxVwU" width="560"></iframe><br />
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From the YouTube page, some information and the words to the canticle:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Ant. 2 Fontes, et omnia. Benedicite, omnia opera Domini. Canticum Dn 3, 57 – 88. 56" w wykonaniu kleryckiej paulińskiej scholi liturgicznej. Gregorian chant - Ant. 2 Fontes, et omnia. Benedicite, omnia opera Domini. Canticum Dn 3, 57 – 88. 56. <br />
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<a href="http://www.seminarium.paulini.pl/15,Schola-liturgiczna">http://www.seminarium.paulini.pl/15,Schola-liturgiczna</a><br />
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/schola.wsd.osppe">https://www.facebook.com/schola.wsd.osppe</a><br />
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Chorał gregoriański o Duchu Świętym. Gregorian Chant for the Solemnity of Pentecost. Jutrznia i Msza św. z Uroczystości Zesłania Ducha Świętego w wykonaniu Scholi Gregoriańskiej kleryków Wyższego Seminarium Duchownego Zakonu Paulinów w Krakowie. <br />
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Ant. 2 − Canticum Dn 3, 57 – 88. 56 Fontes, et omnia quae moventur in aquis, hymnum dicite Deo, alleluia. <br />
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1. Benedicite, omnia opera Domini, Domino; laudate et superexaltate eum in saecula. <br />
2. Benedicite, angeli Domini, Domino; benedicite, caeli, Domino. <br />
3. Benedicite, aquae omnes quae super caelos sunt, Domino; benedicite, omnes virtutes Domini, Domino. <br />
4. Benedicite, sol et luna, Domino; benedicite, stellae caeli, Domino. <br />
5. Benedicite, omnis imber et ros, Domino; benedicite, omnes spiritus Dei, Domino. <br />
6. Benedicite, ignis et aestus, Domino; benedicite, frigus et aestus, Domino. <br />
7. Benedicite, rores et pruina, Domino; benedicite, gelu et frigus, Domino. <br />
8. Benedicite, glacies et nives, Domino; benedicite, noctes et dies, Domino. <br />
9. Benedicite, lux et tenebrae, Domino; benedicite, fulgura et nubes, Domino. <br />
10. Benedicite, terra Dominum; laudet et superexaltet eum in saecula. <br />
11. Benedicite, montes et colles, Domino; benedicite, universa germinantia in terra, Domino. <br />
12. Benedicite, fontes, Domino; benedicite, maria et flumina, Domino. <br />
13. Benedicite, cete et omnia quae moventur in aquis, Domino; benedicite, omnes volucres caeli, Domino. <br />
14. Benedicite, omnes bestiae et pecora, Domino; benedicite, filii hominum, Domino. <br />
15. Benedicat Israel Domino; laudet et superexaltet eum in saecula. <br />
16. Benedicite, sacerdotes Domini, Domino; benedicite, servi Domini, Domino. <br />
17. Benedicite, spiritus et animae iustorum, Domino; benedicite, sancti et humiles corde, Domino. <br />
18. Benedicite, Anania, Azaria, Misael, Domino; laudate et superexaltate eum in saecula. <br />
19. Benedicamus Patrem et Filium cum Sancto Spiritu; laudemus et superexultemus eum in saecula. <br />
20. Benedictus es, Domine, in firmamento caeli; et laudabilis et gloriosus et superexaltatus in saecula.</blockquote>
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<a href="http://www2.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Benedicite">Here are the words in English</a>, from the Book of Common Prayer (1662):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
O all ye Works of the Lord, bless ye the Lord :<br />
praise him, and magnify him for ever.<br />
O ye Angels of the Lord, bless ye the Lord : praise him &c.<br />
O ye Heavens, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Waters that be above the Firmament, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O all ye Powers of the Lord, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Sun and Moon, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Stars of Heaven, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Showers and Dew, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Winds of God, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Fire and Heat, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Winter and Summer, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Dews and Frosts, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Frost and Cold, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Ice and Snow, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Nights and Days, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Light and Darkness, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Lightnings and Clouds, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O let the Earth bless the Lord:<br />
yea, let it praise him, and magnify him for ever.<br />
O ye Mountains and Hills, bless ye the Lord : praise him, and magnify…<br />
O all ye Green Things upon the Earth, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Wells, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Seas and Floods, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Whales, and all that move in the Waters, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O all ye Fowls of the Air, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O all ye Beasts and Cattle, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Children of Men, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O let Israel bless the Lord :<br />
O ye Priests of the Lord, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Servants of the Lord, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye Spirits and Souls of the Righteous, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O ye holy and humble Men of heart, bless ye the Lord :<br />
O Ananias, Azarias and Misael, bless ye the Lord : </blockquote>
The Pentecost antiphon, sung before and after the Canticle, is this one:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Fontes, et ómnia quæ movéntur in aquis, hymnum dícite Deo, allelúja.</i></blockquote>
In English, it's:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
See ye fountains, * and all that move in the waters, ascribe ye praise to God, alleluia.</blockquote>
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More about the <i>Benedicite</i>, <a href="http://www.stbedeproductions.com/on-the-canticles/">from the St. Bede Blog</a> (in re: the Episcopal Church's 1979 <i>Book of Common Prayer)</i>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The <i>Benedicite </i>comes from one of the additions to the book of Daniel that is found in the Greek Old Testament, but not in the Hebrew version. It’s best understood as an expansion of the content and theme of Psalm 148 where all creation is called upon to worship and give glory to God. In the narrative, this is a song put into the mouth of Daniel’s three companions which they sang in the midst of the fiery furnace. As a result, sometimes this will be referred to as “the song of the three young men.” In the former prayer books, this canticle was used as the first canticle during penitential seasons when the <i>Te Deum</i> was suppressed. That’s not because there’s anything penitential about it—it’s one of the most joyful canticles around! Rather it’s because this was the second canticle found in the pre-Reformation prymers and Books of Hours; if the <i>Te Deum</i>—which was the first canticle in them—was dropped, this one was next in line. Hence, the tradition grew that the <i>Benedicite </i>should replace the <i>Te Deum</i>, and it subsequently entered and formed the prayer book tradition.</blockquote>
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It's Daniel 3:57-88, which you can find <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+3%3A57-88&version=NRSVCE">here, in the NRSVCE</a>. <br />
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Here's a beauty of a polyphonic composition! Herbert Sumsion's setting of the Benedicte, in B flat - written for Choral Mattins, no doubt. I like Sumsion, and I like this piece.<br />
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CEpbzSNaC98" width="560"></iframe><br />
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An interesting piece of information about the Sumsion, from the YouTube page:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
From an edition of John Betjeman’s BBC radio series “Britain’s Cathedrals and their Music”, broadcast on 11 February 1966. This is the only recording in the Archive of Herbert Sumsion conducting one of his own works.</blockquote>
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Here's Henry Purcell's gorgeous setting, also in B flat:<br />
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/R0yta9mD0fE" width="560"></iframe><br />
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Ralph Vaughan Williams set this Canticle, too as have <a href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=benedicite+omnia+opera">quite a number of other composers</a>. I don't believe I've ever heard it used, but that is because Choral Mattins is becoming a rare service. <br />
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Here's Vaughan Williams' setting; it's clearly not liturgical. It's prefaced with another text, and written for orchestra and choir; it's also quite long.<br />
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/b5st_NqgiW0" width="560"></iframe><br />
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-56324105810381446532019-03-16T23:12:00.001-04:002019-03-16T23:17:28.564-04:00"A Short Responsory" for Lent: Illumina oculos ("Lighten my eyes")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Here's something interesting, for Lent: a "short responsory" that comes from Medieval Hungary. It's beautifully sung here by the Schola Hungarica:<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4yfkThMidWA" width="480"></iframe><br />
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<br />
The text is taken from Psalm 12/(13):4-5/(3-4), and Psalm 87/(88):2:<br />
<blockquote>
<i>12:4b Illumina oculos meos, ne unquam obdormiam in morte, </i><br />
<i>12:5a Ne quando dicat inimicus meus. Praevalui adversus eum.</i><br />
<br />
<i>2. Domine, Deus salutis meae, in die clamavi et nocte coram te.</i><br />
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13:3b Lighten mine eyes, that I sleep not in death.<br />
13:4a Lest my enemy say "I have prevailed against him."<br />
<br />
2. O Lord God of my salvation, I have cried day and night before thee.</blockquote>
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Perfect for Lent! But, this text is nowhere to be found in the Trent Breviary. The CD lists it as included in "The Istanbul Antiphonary," which I have not found online (although I have found numerous references to it). I need to look more at this.<br />
<br />
Fortunately, <a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/node/476355">Cantus Database lists it</a> as a Compline Responsory, found 18 times in various manuscripts, most from Eastern Europe: Czechia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland, etc. It's used, variously, on the first four Sundays of Lent. (In one exception below, St. Gall, it's listed as "uncertain usage" for feasts of the BVM. So not much help there.) <br />
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I've copied the concordance table from Cantus here for easier reading:<br />
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<table class="sticky-enabled tableheader-processed sticky-table" style="background: transparent; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #5d5d5d; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><thead style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr style="background: rgb(239, 239, 239); border: 0px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><th style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Siglum</th><th style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Folio</th><th style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Incipit</th><th style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></th><th style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></th><th style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></th><th style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Feast</th><th style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Mode</th><th style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">Image</th><th style="background: transparent; border: 1px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;">DB</th></tr>
</thead><tbody style="background: transparent; border: 0px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<tr class="odd" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123610" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">A-Gu 29</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">128r</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/244817" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 4 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">6</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.literature.at/viewer.alo?objid=1138&viewmode=fullscreen&scale=2&rotate=&page=258" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Image</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/653927" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">A-Gu Ms. 211</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">064v</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/653930" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 3 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="odd" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123643" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">A-VOR 287</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">066v</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/505557" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 3 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123649" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">A-Wda D-4</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">001v</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/533916" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 3 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="odd" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123649" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">A-Wda D-4</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">039v</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/534332" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos*</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 3 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">*</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123750" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">CH-SGs 388</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">476</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/476355" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">X</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">2</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">De BMV</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">?</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/csg/0388/476/medium" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Image</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="odd" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/649450" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">CZ-Pst DE I 7</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">107v</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/647226" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 1 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123736" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">PL-KIk 1</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">059r</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/325436" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 3 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="odd" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">PL-WRu R 503</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">056r</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Illumina oculos meos ne</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 3 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123618" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">SI-Lna 18 (olim 17)</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">083r</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/342900" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 2 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="odd" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123706" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">TR-Itks 42</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">059r</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/chant/261745" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 1 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CD</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/source/2284" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">SK-BRsa SNA 2</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">089r</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/chant/4691" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 1 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/image/2679" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Image</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CSK</td></tr>
<tr class="odd" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/source/3192" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">SK-BRsa SNA 4</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">095r</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/chant/10114" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 1 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/image/6342" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Image</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CSK</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/source/6775" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">SK-BRsa SNA 17</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">018v</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/chant/11490" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 3 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/image/6821" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Image</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CSK</td></tr>
<tr class="odd" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/source/14018" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">SK-Bra EC Lad. 6</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">054v</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/chant/16306" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 1 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.sk/image/14127" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Image</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CSK</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.edu.pl/source/4557" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">PL-KIk PL-KiK 1</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">059r</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.edu.pl/chant/8262" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 3 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CPL</td></tr>
<tr class="odd" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.edu.pl/source/14457" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">PL-PłS PL-PłS 35</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">047v</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.edu.pl/chant/17576" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina oculos meos ne</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 1 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">5</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.edu.pl/node/14883" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Image</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CPL</td></tr>
<tr class="even" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-image: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-top-style: initial; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.edu.pl/source/14457" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">PL-PłS PL-PłS 35</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">053v</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.edu.pl/chant/17661" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Illumina*</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">C</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">R</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Dom. 2 Quadragesimae</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">*</td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://cantus.edu.pl/node/14895" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgb(102, 102, 102); background: transparent; color: #992222; font-size: 10px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Image</a></td><td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border: 1px solid rgb(239, 239, 239); font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">CPL</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
The usual "Short Responsory" at Compline in the Trent Breviary (and others) is this: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Into your hands, Lord, I commend my spirit.<br />
<i>– Into your hands, Lord, I commend my spirit.</i><br />
You have redeemed us, Lord God of truth.<br />
<i>– Into your hands, Lord, I commend my spir</i>it.<br />
Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit.<br />
<i>– Into your hands, Lord, I commend my spirit.</i></blockquote>
I wonder if <i>Illumina oculos </i>replaced it during Lent, in some of these Eastern European breviaries? Would be very interesting to know, so here's another thing I'll have to investigate.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://cantus.sk/image/6342">Here's an image of the chant from the Antiphonary of Bratislava</a> (15th C. ); <a href="http://cantus.edu.pl/node/14883">here is one from the Antiphonarium from Płock Cathedral</a>, a 15th C. Polish source. (I cannot post these images on this page because of copyright restrictions.) They differ slightly, in places, from what's on the video above - but they are clearly the same tune. The pretty rise and fall of the melody on "oculos" is the same in every case.<br />
<br />
Here's one from the <a href="http://www.literature.at/viewer.alo?objid=1138&page=258&viewmode=fullscreen&rotate=&scale=1.43">Antiphonarium Benedictinum</a> (1400) (Austria), which doesn't have the same restriction. The text does not seem to be complete here, though:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYN-UvcomKnCs609lfr_CFQo1JGoRVUnecCBxiSaGok9zYrZEGWNm-JT-HaMCtsHZUfygvGBzmLSo1ICzyWVba6bN9gk-2_ZUfnGn24FJW4dWoFbvNZGk4CW8tFWoaSSyknuPa/s1600/illumina+austria.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1052" data-original-width="698" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYN-UvcomKnCs609lfr_CFQo1JGoRVUnecCBxiSaGok9zYrZEGWNm-JT-HaMCtsHZUfygvGBzmLSo1ICzyWVba6bN9gk-2_ZUfnGn24FJW4dWoFbvNZGk4CW8tFWoaSSyknuPa/s640/illumina+austria.jpg" width="424" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/csg/0388/476/medium">Here's the St. Gall/BVM version</a>; it's written in the old-style chant notation, without staff, so hard to tell - but it seems to me to be a similar melody, with the same rise and fall on "oculos." The St. Gall MS is from the 13th Century.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KKDUV6yym6k/XI1Ll-HCSSI/AAAAAAAAGS8/PsR3iDdL7tQTMPmV-cCWcECN4EJZcHxXwCLcBGAs/s1600/e-codices_csg-0388_476_large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KKDUV6yym6k/XI1Ll-HCSSI/AAAAAAAAGS8/PsR3iDdL7tQTMPmV-cCWcECN4EJZcHxXwCLcBGAs/s640/e-codices_csg-0388_476_large.jpg" width="425" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. Sang. 388, p. 476 – <a href="https://www.e-codices.ch/en/list/one/csg/0388">Antiphonary</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
There is another "Illumina oculos" in the repertoire, though; a different text that begins the same way is <a href="https://chantblog.blogspot.com/2014/03/the-lent-4-offertory-laudate-dominum.html">the Offertory at Lent IV in Year C</a>. (This chant was formerly<a href="http://www.ccwatershed.org/video/10383720/?return_url=/goupil/"> the Offertory on the Fourth Sunday of Pentecost</a>.)<br />
<br /></div>
blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-54469326331052593472018-02-02T15:17:00.001-05:002018-02-02T15:17:26.855-05:00An Epiphany Responsory: Illuminare, illuminare Jerusalem ("Shine, shine Jerusalem")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
While we're still in Epiphany season - one of my favorite seasons of the year - I wanted to post another Epiphany chant. This is the first responsory of Epiphany Day Matins in the Sarum Breviary; it's the fourth Responsory in the Roman Breviary. It's sung here beautifully by the <a href="http://www.assisipaxmundi.org/paxmundi/?member=schola-gregoriana-assisiensis&lang=en">Schola Gregoriana Assisiensis</a>: <br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/sZRj6JPYucA" width="480"></iframe> <br />
<br />
Here are the Latin and English words, from <a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/officium.pl">Divinum Officium</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> Illuminare, illuminare Jerusalem, quia venit lux tua:<br />
* Et gloria Domini super te orta est.<br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> Et ambulabunt Gentes in lumine tuo, et reges in splendore ortus tui.<br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> Et gloria Domini super te orta est.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> Shine, shine, O Jerusalem, for thy light is come<br />
* And the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee.<br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> And the Gentiles shall walk in thy light, and kings in the brightness of thy rising.<br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> And the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee.</span> </span></blockquote>
<br />
This is taken from Isaiah 60:1-3; here are those passages in <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+60&version=DRA">the Douay-Rheims translation</a>:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
1 Arise, be enlightened, O Jerusalem: for thy light is come, and the glory of the Lord is risen upon thee.<br />
<br />
2 For behold darkness shall cover the earth, and a mist the people: but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.<br />
<br />
3 And the Gentiles shall walk in thy light, and kings in the brightness of thy rising.</blockquote>
<br />
Interestingly, <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/Isaiah%2060%3A1">most translations</a> do not include the word "Jerusalem" - except <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+60&version=MSG">The Message</a> (and a few others)! According to the <a href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/isaiah/60.htm">Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges</a>, "The name 'Jerusalem' is inserted by the LXX., Targ[um]. and Vulg[ate]., but the addition is unnecessary (cf. Isaiah 54:1)." I'm taking this to mean that it's not in the original Hebrew.<br />
<br />
It's also interesting to me that the chant-writers chose to repeat the
word "Illuminare," rather than using the direct translation itself:
"Surge, illuminare" (i.e., "Arise, shine"). I suppose we'll never know
what the idea here was, but it does go to emphasize Epiphany as "the
season of light." <br />
<br />
<br />
Here is the chant score <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/15874/30/B-13%20Epiphany.pdf">from the Sarum breviary</a>; both text and melody are identical, as far as I can tell.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ORKz3y-gzx0/WnSgMQ6MICI/AAAAAAAAGOI/Iu-ll7Scr-whAdJgJsz_jG9hMg1xXDuCQCLcBGAs/s1600/illuminare.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="507" data-original-width="595" height="340" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ORKz3y-gzx0/WnSgMQ6MICI/AAAAAAAAGOI/Iu-ll7Scr-whAdJgJsz_jG9hMg1xXDuCQCLcBGAs/s400/illuminare.PNG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /><a href="http://www3.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Surge_illuminare_Jerusalem">Palestrina and Byrd</a> both set the text as taken directly from Scripture as "Surge, Illuminare," including only Isaiah 60:1-2. Here's Palestrina's setting:<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AYgz1vDuEhY" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The website of the Schola <span lang="EN-GB">Assisiensis </span>says this about the ensemble:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="p3" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB">The <b>“Schola Gregoriana Assisiensis”</b>
is a vocal ensemble, consisting of only male voices, dedicated to the
study and liturgical and concert execution of monodic liturgical
repertoires of Christian medieval Europe (Gregorian chant, Ambrosian
chant, antique Roman chant) and of polyphonic repertoires of the same
period (especially Ars Antiqua), then expanding to Renaissance
polyphony, again performed by only male voices. The group consists, in
the most part, of professionals from different musical environments:
they include Gregorianists, singers, choir directors, composers,
organists, both lay and religious.</span></div>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Its
members, together with their own musical activity, in recent years
have matured an experience of study and passion for sacred and
liturgical medieval vocal repertoires, dedicating themselves to an ever
greater understanding of execution praxis even based on recent
semiological and scientific studies. Founded in Assisi, the “Schola
Gregoriana Assisiensis” is based at the Papal Basilica of Santa Maria
degli Angeli, which has always been entrusted to the care of the Friars
Minor of the Seraphic Province of Umbria.</span></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="p3" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-61695086770425520742018-01-13T15:32:00.002-05:002018-01-13T22:10:29.242-05:00The sung Gospel at Christmas Matins: Liber Generationis ("The book of generations")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In doing some reading after posting my last post, <a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2018/01/the-sung-gospel-at-epiphany-matins.html">The sung Gospel at Epiphany Matins: <i>Factum Est Autem</i> ("Now it came to pass")</a>, I found that the corresponding genealogy from Matthew is sung at the end of Matins on Christmas. So this one comes first in the liturgical year, and may be the older custom; see below for more on this. This is sung here by <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sequentia/e/B000APX9OE/digital/ref=ntt_mp3_rdr?_encoding=UTF8&sn=d">the medieval music group Sequentia</a>.<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/okohP-7-HMY" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
Here is the text, taken from <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthaeus+1%2CMatthew+1&version=VULGATE;KJV">a parallel reading of the Vulgate and King James Versions of the Bible</a>; I added some punctuation to the Latin:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Dominus vobiscum.<br />R/. Et cum spiritu tuo.<br />Initium sancti evangelii secundum Mattheum.<br />R/. Gloria tibi, Domine.<br /><br />Liber generationis Iesu Christi filii David filii Abraham; <br /><br />Abraham genuit Isaac; Isaac autem genuit Iacob; Iacob autem genuit Iudam et fratres eius; Iudas autem genuit Phares et Zara de Thamar; Phares autem genuit Esrom; Esrom autem genuit Aram; Aram autem genuit Aminadab; Aminadab autem genuit Naasson; Naasson autem genuit Salmon; Salmon autem genuit Booz de Rachab; Booz autem genuit Obed ex Ruth; Obed autem genuit Iesse; Iesse autem genuit David regem; David autem rex genuit Salomonem ex ea quae fuit Uriae; Salomon autem genuit Roboam; Roboam autem genuit Abiam; Abia autem genuit Asa; Asa autem genuit Iosaphat; Iosaphat autem genuit Ioram; Ioram autem genuit Oziam; Ozias autem genuit Ioatham; Ioatham autem genuit Achaz; Achaz autem genuit Ezechiam; Ezechias autem genuit Manassen; Manasses autem genuit Amon; Amon autem genuit Iosiam; Iosias autem genuit Iechoniam et fratres eius in transmigratione Babylonis; et post transmigrationem Babylonis Iechonias genuit Salathihel; Salathihel autem genuit Zorobabel; Zorobabel autem genuit Abiud; Abiud autem genuit Eliachim; Eliachim autem genuit Azor; Azor autem genuit Saddoc; Saddoc autem genuit Achim; Achim autem genuit Eliud; Eliud autem genuit Eleazar; Eleazar autem genuit Matthan; Matthan autem genuit Iacob; Iacob autem genuit Ioseph virum Mariae, de qua natus est Iesus qui vocatur Christus.</i><br />
<br />
<i><br /></i>The Lord be with you.<br />R/. And with your spirit.<br />The beginning of the Holy Gospel according to Matthew.<br />R/. Glory to you, Lord.<br /><br />The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham. <br />
<br />
Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas and his brethren; And Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar; and Phares begat Esrom; and Esrom begat Aram; And Aram begat Aminadab; and Aminadab begat Naasson; and Naasson begat Salmon; And Salmon begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed of Ruth; and Obed begat Jesse; And Jesse begat David the king; and David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of Urias; And Solomon begat Roboam; and Roboam begat Abia; and Abia begat Asa; And Asa begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Joram; and Joram begat Ozias; And Ozias begat Joatham; and Joatham begat Achaz; and Achaz begat Ezekias; And Ezekias begat Manasses; and Manasses begat Amon; and Amon begat Josias; And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon: And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zorobabel; And Zorobabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; and Eliakim begat Azor; And Azor begat Sadoc; and Sadoc begat Achim; and Achim begat Eliud; And Eliud begat Eleazar; and Eleazar begat Matthan; and Matthan begat Jacob; And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.</blockquote>
<br />
Here's <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/15874/23/B-06%20Nativitatis.pdf">the Latin Sarum Christmas office</a> from McMaster; you can find the chant score beginning on page 312 of that PDF document; the <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/16031/26/EPB-06%20Nativity.pdf">English-language version of this Office is here</a>. <br />
<br />
While the melody on the Sequentia video above does not match the score in the Sarum Breviary, you can listen to <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/16271/49/B-06-75%20Liber%20generationis.mp3">the McMaster mp3 recording of <i>Liber Generationis</i> here</a>, which does match up, of course, with the chant score they provide.<br />
<br />
The melody on the video, though, is somewhat similar to the melody on the video I posted <a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2018/01/the-sung-gospel-at-epiphany-matins.html">for Luke's genealogy sung at Epiphany</a>. I am very curious where this melody comes from and will continue to search it out, if I can. <br />
<br />
Once again, there is an instruction that introduces this chant after the ninth and final responsory; in English, it's:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>While this final R. together with its V. and Gloria Patri. are sung, let the Deacon proceed with the Subdeacon and the Thurifer and the Taperer and the Acolyte bearing the Cross, all solemnly vested in preparation to cense the Altar. And, having received a Blessing from the Officiant in the midst of the Choir, let him approach the Pulpit for the singing of the following Gospel. </i></blockquote>
And the <i>Te Deum</i> is sung after the genealogy, to end the Office.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/officium.pl">Divinum Officium</a> does not list either of these two genealogies as part of Christmas or Epiphany Matins in its 1570 Trident versions - but the Matthew genealogy (Matt 1:1-16) is there in the "Pre-Trident Monastic" Matins of Christmas, sung after the <i>Te Deum</i>. It's labeled "<i>Initium Sancti Evangelii secundum Matthaeum</i>" ("The beginning of the HOly Gospel according to Matthew").<br />
<br />
In DO's "Pre-Trident Monastic" Matins of Epiphany, it's Matthew 2:1-12 that follows the <i>Te Deum</i> at the very end of the Office; it's labeled "<i>Sequentia Sancti Evangelii secundum Matthaeum</i>" ("Continuation of the Holy Gospel according to Matthew"). <br />
<br />
On its <a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/www/horas/Help/versions.html">versions page</a>, the creator of Divinum Officium wrote, about the "Pre-Trident Monastc" version:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The pre-Tridentine Monastic version is an attempt to illustrate the Benedictine Breviary, as it is described in the <a href="http://www.osb.org/rb/">Regula of St. Benedict</a>, with the exception that, for lack of resources, only 9 lessons are included for Sundays and Feasts, instead of 12 lessons. See details <a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/www/horas/Help/versions.html#monastic">below</a>.</blockquote>
(In his note below, just for your information (although not really relevant to this post!), is this:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Implemented <b>pre-Tridentine Monastic</b> changes:
<br />
<ul>
<li><b>Matins</b> starts with <i>Domine labia</i> and <i>Psalm 3</i>
<ul>
<li>First Nocturn is always 6 psalms.
</li>
<li>First Nocturn has 3 lessons with responsories from Scriptures from November to Low Sunday,
with one short lesson in summertime
</li>
<li>Second Nocturn is always 6 psalms.
</li>
<li>Except for Sundays and Feasts (Duplex majus, 2nd class, 1st class), the second nocturn
has a scriptural capitulum with responsory only, and there is no third nocturn.
</li>
<li>For Sundays and Feasts (for lack of resources, only 3 * 3 instead of 3 * 4 lessons)
there are three nocturns. The third nocturn has Old Testament canticles under one antiphon.
</li>
<li>There is also a responsory after the last lesson, followed by the Te Deum, the reading of the full
passage of Gospel, and the short hymn "Te decet".
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><b>Lauds</b> starts with <i>Psalm 66</i>
<ul>
<li>Lauds has 3 psalms, a canticle and psalms 148-149-150 as one unit. Responsory is added
to Capitulum.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><b>Prime</b> has 4 or 3 psalms (parts). Preces, reading of the Regula and Commemoration
of the dead (which was not part of Prime) is added to the office.
</li>
<li><b>Minor Hours</b> have a psalm scheme only for Sunday, Monday and the rest of days.
Capitulum is followed only by Verse.
</li>
<li><b>Vespers</b> has 4 psalms, Responsory is added to Capitulum.
</li>
<li><b>Compline</b> has always the same psalms without antiphons; also without Nunc dimittis)</li>
</ul>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="monastic">
</a></blockquote>
<br />
I will check the Regula to see if this genealogy and the following verses from Matthew are in fact prescribed for Christmas and Epiphany. Will return here to report what I find.<br />
<br />
I did find, though, in reading about the Epiphany genealogy <i>Factum Est Autem</i>, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&id=DEk7AQAAMAAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false">these two notes</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
* The Gospel from the first chapter of St. Matthew. “The Book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the Son of David, the Son of Abraham." It was solemnly sung after the ninth lesson at Matins before the midnight Mass on Christmas, the Gospels being processionally carried with lights on either side to the pulpit or the steps of the chancel. The ceremony is still carried out in many of the churches in France. The chant of the Genealogy is one of the most beautiful in the liturgy.<br />
<br />
1‘ The “Factum est autem” is a gospel from St. Luke iii. 21. “ Now it came to pass when all the people was baptized." It was sung after the manner of the Genealogy after the ninth lesson of Matins on the night of the eve of Epiphany, and before the Te Damn.</blockquote>
So apparently this custom was not limited to the Sarum Office, but was also practiced in France. This may be the source of the melody on the videos, but I still haven't found either of these genealogies listed in any of the usual chant databases. Still looking for manuscripts and sources there, too.<br />
<br />
<br />
The genealogies are really quite a wonderful addition to the Christmas and Epiphany Offices; I really like the way they are bookended at Christmas and Epiphany, too. Would love to know more about the history of this, and hopeful to find out!<br />
<br />
Here's a video of one polyphonic setting of this Gospel, without an obvious attribution. Will try to find out more about this, too.<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ynTBQl31SRI" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-21417921805747851212018-01-06T15:15:00.001-05:002018-01-20T12:01:37.830-05:00The sung Gospel at Epiphany Matins: Factum Est Autem ("Now it came to pass")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This is a very interesting and unique chant: the singing of the Gospel at Epiphany Matins, after the ninth responsory, almost at the end of the Office. As far as I can tell, the video below comes from <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Epiphania-domini-gregoriano-Enrico-Capitani/dp/B005M4RVWO/ref=sr_1_5?s=dmusic&ie=UTF8&qid=1515271070&sr=1-5-mp3-albums-bar-strip-0&keywords=Stirps+Iesse%2C+Enrico+de+Capitani">this recording</a> by Stirps Iesse and Enrico de Capitani, although the YouTube page doesn't say.<br />
<br />
The instruction introducing this part of the Office reads this way:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>While this final Responsory with its Verse and with its Gloria Patri. is being sung, the Deacon proceeds together with the Subdeacon and the Thurifer and the Candle Bearer and the Acolyte bearing the Cross, in the same way as on the night of the Nativity of the Lord, all clothed in solemn vestments for incensing the Altar, and having received a blessing from the Officiant they process through the middle of the Quire to the Pulpit for the singing of the Gospel : let it be begun this way.</i></blockquote>
<br />
<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-lci3cMcYTw" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
This is the sung Gospel reading, <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+3%3A21-38&version=ESV">taken from the genealogy in the Gospel of Luke</a>.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Dominus vobiscum.</i><br />
<i>R/. Et cum spiritu tuo.</i><br />
<i>
</i> <i>Sequentia sancti Evangelii secundum Lucam</i><br />
<i>R/. Gloria tibi, Domine.</i><br />
<i>
</i></blockquote>
<blockquote>
<i>Factum est autem, cum baptizaretur omnis populus, et Jesu baptizato et orante, apertum est cælum: et descendit Spiritus Sanctus corporali specie sicut columba in ipsum: et vox de cælo facta est: Tu es Filius meus dilectus, in te complacui mihi. <br /><br />Et ipse Jesus erat incipiens quasi annorum triginta, ut putabatur, filius Joseph, qui fuit Heli, qui fuit Mathat, qui fuit Levi, qui fuit Melchi, qui fuit Janne, qui fuit Joseph, qui fuit Mathathiæ, qui fuit Amos, qui fuit Nahum, qui fuit Hesli, qui fuit Nagge, qui fuit Mahath, qui fuit Mathathiæ, qui fuit Semei, qui fuit Joseph, qui fuit Juda, qui fuit Joanna, qui fuit Resa, qui fuit Zorobabel, qui fuit Salathiel, qui fuit Neri, qui fuit Melchi, qui fuit Addi, qui fuit Cosan, qui fuit Elmadan, qui fuit Her, qui fuit Jesu, qui fuit Eliezer, qui fuit Jorim, qui fuit Mathat, qui fuit Levi, qui fuit Simeon, qui fuit Juda, qui fuit Joseph, qui fuit Jona, qui fuit Eliakim, qui fuit Melea, qui fuit Menna, qui fuit Mathatha, qui fuit Nathan, qui fuit David, qui fuit Jesse, qui fuit Obed, qui fuit Booz, qui fuit Salmon, qui fuit Naasson, qui fuit Aminadab, qui fuit Aram, qui fuit Esron, qui fuit Phares, qui fuit Judæ, qui fuit Jacob, qui fuit Isaac, qui fuit Abrahæ, qui fuit Thare, qui fuit Nachor, qui fuit Sarug, qui fuit Ragau, qui fuit Phaleg, qui fuit Heber, qui fuit Sale, qui fuit Cainan, qui fuit Arphaxad, qui fuit Sem, qui fuit Noë, qui fuit Lamech, qui fuit Mathusale, qui fuit Henoch, qui fuit Jared, qui fuit Malaleel, qui fuit Cainan, qui fuit Henos, qui fuit Seth, qui fuit Adam, qui fuit Dei. Jesus autem plenus Spiritu Sancto regressus est a Jordane.</i><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Lord be with you.<br />
R/. And with your spirit.<br />
The continuation of the Holy Gospel according to Luke.<br />
R/. Glory to you, Lord.<br />
<br />
Now when all the people were baptized, and when Jesus also had been baptized and was praying, the heavens were opened, and the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form, like a dove; and a voice came from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.” <br />
<br />
Jesus, when he began his ministry, was about thirty years of age, being the son (as was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Esli, the son of Naggai, the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Josech, the son of Joda, the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri, the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmadam, the son of Er, the son of Joshua, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Simeon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonam, the son of Eliakim, the son of Melea, the son of Menna, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David, the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Sala, the son of Nahshon, the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech, the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalaleel, the son of Cainan, the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God.</blockquote>
And here is the last instruction for Mattins on this day:<br />
<blockquote>
<i>At the end of the Gospel, let the Priest in his stall in a Silken Cope in a loud voice</i><br />
<i>immediately begin the Psalm Te Deum.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i> While the Psalm is being sung let the Priest cense the Altar.</i></blockquote>
<br />
You can see the chant score in <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/15874/30/B-13%20Epiphany.pdf">this PDF file</a>
on its page 554; it's much too long to post here! (The melody on the video above does not match exactly with the score there. Will try to find out why it doesn't.) That document contains the Epiphany Offices, in Latin, from the
Sarum Breviary, courtesy of Dr. William Renwick, et al., of Canada's
McMaster University. (Here's <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/16031/33/EPB-13%20Epiphany.pdf">the English translation</a> of that same document.) They have also provided <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/16219/24/B-13-26%20Lec%20Factum%20est%20autem.mp3">an mp3 file of the chant</a>, as well as a page with links to <a href="http://hmcwordpress.mcmaster.ca/renwick/sound-files/latin-breviary/temporale/b-13-epiphanie/">other chants for the Feast of the Epiphany</a>.<br />
<br />
And there is this, the 60th footnote in the Latin PDF file above:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The
“Qui fuit” section cycles through nine small phrases. Each third
phrase comes to rest on the finalis. In AS:88-89. bar lines group the
'Qui fuit N.' phrases in threes. This is followed in the edition. 1519
groups the phrases in threes but with an irregular grouping of two near
the beginning (Matathie, Amos) and with a group of four at the end
(Enos, Seth, Adam, Dei). In the following note numbers in parentheses
refer to lines of the music. </blockquote>
<br />
This entire sequence of events appears to be unique to the Sarum Breviary; it does not at any rate appear in the <a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/officium.pl">1570 Roman Breviary</a> at DivinumOfficium.com, or in the "pre-Trident monastic" version of the Office (although a portion of Matthew's Gospel is read after the Te Deum is sung in the pre-Trident monastic). I will have to check some of the others, and will edit this post accordingly whatever I find.<br />
<br />
It seems clear to me that the singing of this Gospel is a pointer to how important a day Epiphany was and is. It is one of the oldest feasts on the calendar; early on it was a celebration of all the manifestations of Christ's divinity prior to the start of his earthly ministry. It has celebrated, among other events, the visitation of the Magi, Christ's baptism in the Jordan (as here), and the wedding at Cana. In fact, the Feast Nativity itself was celebrated as one of these events, before Christmas was fixed on December 25.<br />
<br />
The singing of Luke's genealogy - a rather odd passage with the ultimate effect of proclaiming Christ's divinity through his human lineage! - is perfect for this most mystical of feasts.<br />
<br />
Here's an image that illustrates the threefold celebration of the Epiphany in earlier times; I am not sure where it came from originally, but it has been posted at many sites. <br />
<br />
Left to right: the wedding at Cana; the visitation of the Magi; the baptism in the Jordan.<br />
<br />
<br />
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-61857516742203316022017-12-30T12:00:00.000-05:002017-12-30T12:00:45.081-05:00The Sixth Day of Christmas: The Cherry Tree Carol<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Here's this old carol, sung just recently by the Choir of Ely Cathedral:<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QlqSAyp34TU" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
From the YouTube page:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"The cherry tree carol" is a 13th-century English traditional carol, appearing here in a world premiere recording of a new arrangement. The words tell the apocryphal tale of Mary and Joseph on the way to Nazareth for the Census: Mary asks Joseph to pluck a cherry for her, and he refuses, spitefully suggesting that the father of the baby should do so instead. Jesus, from within the womb, commands Joseph to do as he is told. The tune is cheery (cherry?) and melodic, and lends itself well to the upper voices used in this arrangement.</blockquote>
Here is one set of words to this; this choir seems to be singing a slightly different set, though:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
When Joseph was an old man, an old man was he<br />
He married Virgin Mary, the Queen of Galilee<br />
He married Virgin Mary, the Queen of Galilee</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Joseph and Mary walked through an orchard green<br />
There were cherries and berries, as thick as might be seen<br />
There were cherries and berries, as thick as might be seen<br />
<br />
Mary said to Joseph, so meek and so mild:<br />
Joseph, gather me some cherries, for I am with child<br />
Joseph, gather me some cherries, for I am with child<br />
<br />
Then Joseph flew in anger, in anger flew he<br />
Let the father of the baby gather cherries for thee!<br />
Let the father of the baby gather cherries for thee!<br />
<br />
Then up spoke baby Jesus, from in Mary's womb:<br />
Bend down the tallest branches, that my mother might have some<br />
Bend down the tallest branches, that my mother might have some<br />
<br />
And bend down the tallest branches, it touched Mary's hand<br />
Cried she: Oh look thou Joseph, I have cherries by command<br />
Oh look thou Joseph, I have cherries by command</blockquote>
<br />
<a href="http://www.lizlyle.lofgrens.org/RmOlSngs/RTOS-CherryTree.html">This page</a> on the site "Remembering the Old Songs," has some more information on the carol, as well as another set of words to a much longer version. This was originally an article written by by Bob Waltz and published in <i>Inside Bluegrass</i> in December 1995, apparently. <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
For some reason that I've never been able to fathom, Christianity and the Christmas story have never had a strong place in traditional music. Francis James Child, in <i>The English and Scottish Popular Ballads</i>, listed 305 traditional English-language ballads; by my count, exactly seven of these have religious themes.Vance Randolph's <i>Ozark Folksongs</i> (arguably the best collection of American folk tunes) lists 68 religious pieces, but apart from a few spirituals, all are by church or popular composers.<br />
<br />
There is one major exception: The Cherry Tree Carol. This piece, Child #54, was collected in Britain in the seventeenth century (and is probably older), and has been found throughout the Appalachians, as well as in the Ozarks and on into Canada. Jean Ritchie recorded an Appalachian version on "Kentucky Christmas."<br />
<br />
The story may have originated in the "Infancy Gospel of the Pseudo-Matthew," an apocryphal Latin work of the ninth century. In it, the miracle took place after Jesus's birth. Joseph, Jesus, and Mary were fleeing from King Herod when Mary became faint from the heat. Joseph led her under a date palm tree to rest. Mary begged Joseph to get her some of the dates. Joseph was astonished; the tree was too tall to climb. But Jesus (who was no more than two years old) commanded the palm, "Bow down, tree, and refresh my mother with your fruit." And bow down it did, and remained until Jesus ordered it to straighten up (and be carried up into heaven!)<br />
<br />
The earliest English versions seem to have included three parts: the story of Joseph's jealousy (found in the Bible in Matthew 1:18 & :25) and the cherry tree; the angel's message to Joseph on Christmas Eve, and a conversation between Mary and the baby Jesus (who may not even have been born yet). In it he predicts his crucifixion and, as here, his birth on January 6, the "old-style Christmas" which many people in the Appalachians celebrated until early in this century.<br />
<br />
When Joseph was an old man,<br />
An old man was he,<br />
When he courted Virgin Mary,<br />
The Queen of Galilee,<br />
When he courted Virgin Mary,<br />
The Queen of Galilee,<br />
<br />
As Joseph and Mary<br />
Were walking one day,<br />
"Here are apples and cherries,"<br />
O Mary did say....<br />
<br />
Then Mary spoke to Joseph,<br />
So meek and so mild,<br />
"Joseph, gather me some cherries<br />
For I am with child...."<br />
<br />
Then Joseph flew in anger --<br />
In anger flew he,<br />
"Let the father of the baby<br />
Gather cherries for thee!"<br />
<br />
Then Jesus spoke a few words,<br />
A few words spoke he,<br />
"Let my mother have some cherries;<br />
Bow low down, cherry tree!<br />
<br />
"Bow down, O cherry tree!<br />
Bow low down to the ground!"<br />
Then Mary gathered cherries<br />
While Joseph stood around....<br />
<br />
Then Joseph took Mary<br />
All on his left knee;<br />
Saying: "What have I done? Lord,<br />
Have mercy on me!"<br />
<br />
Then Joseph took Mary<br />
All on his right knee,<br />
"Pray tell me, little baby,<br />
When your birthday shall be....<br />
<br />
"On the sixth day of January<br />
My birthday shall be,<br />
When the stars and the elements<br />
Shall tremble with glee....<br />
<br />
***<br />
<br />
As Joseph was a-walking,<br />
He heard an angel sing,<br />
"Tonight shall be the birth-time<br />
Of Christ, our heavenly king...."<br />
<br />
"He neither shall be born<br />
In house nor in hall,<br />
Nor in the place of paradise,<br />
But in an ox's stall....<br />
<br />
"He neither shall be clothéd<br />
In purple nor in pall<br />
But in the bare white linen<br />
That useth babies all....<br />
<br />
As Joseph was a-walking,<br />
Then did an angel sing,<br />
And Mary's child at midnight<br />
Was born to be our king....</blockquote>
<br />
There are indeed quite a number of bluegrass/Appalachian versions of the carol on YouTube. Here's one example:<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nt-6me0HwgA" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
Here's a really nice instrumental version:<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/IbodOwVn17Y" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-87235637479181547252017-12-29T19:31:00.001-05:002017-12-29T21:04:27.773-05:00For the feast of St. Thomas Becket: In Rama sonat gemitus ("The sound of weeping is heard in Rama") <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Here's something quite interesting for this feast day. It's a 12th century anonymous composition found in a French manuscript; its subject is Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury who was murdered in Canterbury Cathedral on this day in 1170.<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/c30K1rQsaiI" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
The story related in this piece is not Becket's murder, though, but his exile at the hands of King Henry II of England. From the YouTube page:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
'In Rama sonat gemitus' (The sound of weeping is heard in Rama) is an anonymous work (conductus) found in the French manuscript source Wolfenbüttel 677. Using biblical allusion, it comments directly on the exile of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, from England to France in 1164. Although eventually returned to England in [1170], he was murdered just a few months later. This dates In Rama sonat gemitus to the years of his exile: 1165-1170.</blockquote>
<br />
Here are the words, in Latin with an English translation, from <a href="http://www2.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/In_Rama_sonat_gemitus_(Anonymous)">CPDL</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>In Rama sonat gemitus<br />
plorante Rachel Anglie:<br />
Herodis namque genitus<br />
dat ipsam ignominie.<br />
En eius primogenitus<br />
et Joseph Cantuarie<br />
Exulat (? - or 'si sit') fisto venditus<br />
Egiptum colit Gallie.</i><br />
<br />
A lamentation is heard in Rama: <br />
England's Rachel weeps.<br />
For one begotten by Herod <br />
treats her with ignominy.<br />
Her firstborn - <br />
Joseph of Canterbury -<br />
is exiled as if sold, <br />
and lives in the Egypt of France.<br />
<br />
- Translation by Mick Swithinbank</blockquote>
<br />
My friend Robert pointed out to me <a href="http://www.sonusantiqva.org/i/M/AMonteverdiana/1974StThomasCanterbury.html">this CD of music "in honor of St. Thomas of Canterbury."</a> The liner notes for this piece on that CD say this:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
This plaint for solo voice is the earliest surviving piece of music about Becket. Since it mentions his exile in France, it must date from the period 1164-1170, though it was not copied into its only extant manuscript source until much later. In the poem, Rama refers to Canterbury, Rachel to the Mother Church, Herod to Henry II, while the Joseph sold by his jealous brethren is Becket.</blockquote>
<br />
Pretty interesting! I was curious about the Scriptural reference; I know it best from <a href="http://biblehub.com/matthew/2-18.htm">this verse from Matthew</a>, where it refers to the slaughter of the innocents (which was yesterday's feast day, in fact):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
A voice was heard in Ramah, weeping and loud lamentation, Rachel weeping for her children; she refused to be comforted, because they are no more.</blockquote>
<br />
I thought it was sort of odd, though, for such a verse to be used for this purpose; the exile of an Archbishop isn't really anything like the slaughter of innocents. So I searched some more on this theme, and found - although I hadn't remembered it - that Jeremiah had Rachel weeping, too:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Thus says the LORD: “A voice is heard in Ramah, lamentation and bitter weeping. Rachel is weeping for her children; she refuses to be comforted for her children, because they are no more.”</blockquote>
And here, Rachel IS weeping for an exile: for the exile of Israel in Babylon. So this is the basis for <i>In Rama sonat gemitus</i>, referring to Thomas Becket.<br />
<br />
(I could have realized what Matthew was doing a bit sooner by simply reading the verse prior to Matthew 2:18 above! Here's Matthew 2:17: "Then was fulfilled what was spoken by the prophet Jeremiah: ".)<br />
<br />
That leaves us with the original Rachel; did she actually weep over her children?<br />
<br />
There seem to be at least two takes on this. <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+30:1&version=ESV">One thought is that Genesis 30:1</a> is one reason for Rachel to weep: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
When Rachel saw that she bore Jacob no children, she envied her sister. She said to Jacob, “Give me children, or I shall die!”</blockquote>
<br />
<a href="http://biblehub.com/jeremiah/31-15.htm">Another interpretation of the reference to Rachel</a> is that she:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
....died with "sorrow" in giving birth to Benjamin (Ge 35:18, 19, Margin; 1Sa 10:2), and was buried at Ramah, near Bethlehem, is represented as raising her head from the tomb, and as breaking forth into "weeping" at seeing the whole land depopulated of her sons, the Ephraimites. </blockquote>
The commentators often group several of these things together, as well. It is also true that, <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Jeremiah+40&version=ESV">again according to Jeremiah (40:1)</a>, the captives were taken to Ramah as they began their journey into exile in Babylon:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord after Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard had let him go from Ramah, when he took him bound in chains along with all the captives of Jerusalem and Judah who were being exiled to Babylon. The captain of the guard took Jeremiah and said to him, “The Lord your God pronounced this disaster against this place. The Lord has brought it about, and has done as he said. Because you sinned against the Lord and did not obey his voice, this thing has come upon you. Now, behold, I release you today from the chains on your hands. If it seems good to you to come with me to Babylon, come, and I will look after you well, but if it seems wrong to you to come with me to Babylon, do not come. See, the whole land is before you; go wherever you think it good and right to go.</blockquote>
<br />
(Some commentators have also pointed out that the meaning of the word "Ramah" is "high place." It may be that Er-ram, north of Jerusalem, is the modern-day city that was once Ramah.)<br />
<br />
In any case, the choice of text is to symbolize Becket's exile, not his murder - which means that the Scriptural reference is to Jeremiah and not Matthew.<br />
<br /></div>
blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-61340398270627201942017-12-26T19:45:00.004-05:002023-11-14T20:36:40.703-05:00The Introit for St. Stephen: Etenim sederunt ("Princes met and talked against me")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i>Etenim sederunt</i> is the Introit for the Feast of St. Stephen, December 26. Here's a video of it from <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AusZkmL_iNU" target="_blank">the GradualeProject</a>.<br />
<br />
<iframe frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://youtube.com/embed/AusZkmL_iNU?si=7MyNafQLMXi2Wpc2" style="background-image: url(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/AusZkmL_iNU/hqdefault.jpg);" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The text comes from various parts of Psalm [118/]119; here is the Latin and English from <a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/missa/missa.pl">Divinum Officium</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><b><i>Introitus</i></b></span> <br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>Ps 118:23; 118:86; 118:23</i></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><b><i>S</i></b></span>edérunt príncipes, et advérsum me loquebántur: et iníqui persecúti sunt me: ádjuva me, Dómine, Deus meus, quia servus tuus exercebátur in tuis justificatiónibus.<br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>Ps 118:1</i></span><br />
Beati immaculáti in via, qui ámbulant in lege Dómini<br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> Glória Patri, et Fílio, et Spirítui Sancto.<br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> Sicut erat in princípio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula saeculórum. Amen<br />
<span style="color: red;"><b><i>S</i></b></span>edérunt príncipes, et advérsum me loquebántur: et iníqui persecúti sunt me: ádjuva me, Dómine, Deus meus, quia servus tuus exercebátur in tuis justificatiónibus.<br />
</span> <span style="color: green; font-size: xx-small;"></span><br />
<div align="right">
<span style="color: green; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
</span></div>
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><b><i>Introit</i></b></span> <br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>Ps 118:23, 86, 23.</i></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><b><i>P</i></b></span>rinces met and talked against me, and the wicked persecuted me wrongfully; help me, O Lord my God, for Your servant meditates on Your statutes.<br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>Ps 118:1</i></span><br />
Happy are they whose way is blameless, who walk in the law of the Lord.<br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.<br />
<span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> As it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.<br />
<span style="color: red;"><b><i>P</i></b></span>rinces met and talked against me, and the wicked persecuted me wrongfully; help me, O Lord my God, for Your servant meditates on Your statutes.</span></blockquote>
<br />
Here's the chant score:<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oVjVNQ82jAA/WkGx4rTzI6I/AAAAAAAAGMk/B4UAR_XG4_osub0JlKcfhrSHwc1k_8inACLcBGAs/s1600/etenim%2Bsederunt.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="398" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oVjVNQ82jAA/WkGx4rTzI6I/AAAAAAAAGMk/B4UAR_XG4_osub0JlKcfhrSHwc1k_8inACLcBGAs/s400/etenim%2Bsederunt.PNG" width="395" /></a></div>
<br />
In writing this post, I've come across some interesting stuff. Apparently this Introit has at quite a number of <i>tropes </i>associated with it. <br />
<br />
Tropes are embellishments of the liturgical chants; they were sung prior to or interspersed with the Proper chants of feast days. They are a development of the Middle Ages, and were abolished eventually at the council of Trent in 1570. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/trope-music">Here's a description from the Encyclopedia Britannica</a>:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Trope</b>, in <a class="md-dictionary-link" data-term="medieval" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medieval">medieval</a> <a class="md-crosslink autoxref" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/liturgical-music">church music</a>, melody, explicatory text, or both added to a <a class="md-crosslink autoxref" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/plainsong-music">plainchant</a> melody. Tropes are of two general types: those adding a new text to a melisma (section of <a class="md-crosslink autoxref" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/music">music</a> having one syllable extended over many notes); and those inserting new music, usually with words, between existing sections of melody and text.<br />
<!--[P1]--><br />
Troping was rooted in similar practices in the ancient <a class="md-dictionary-link" data-term="Byzantine" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Byzantine">Byzantine</a> liturgy and arose in the West, probably in France, by the 8th century. The custom reached the musically important Swiss monastery of <a class="md-crosslink autoxref" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Gall">Saint Gall</a> by the 9th century and soon became widespread throughout Europe. It was abolished in the 16th century by the <a class="md-crosslink autoxref" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Council-of-Trent">Council of Trent</a>.<br />
<!--[P2]--><br />
Two important medieval musical-literary forms developed from the trope: the <a class="md-crosslink" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/liturgical-drama">liturgical drama</a> and the <a class="md-crosslink" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/sequence-musical-composition">sequence</a> (<i>qq.v.</i>). A troped chant is sometimes called a farced (<i>i.e.,</i> interpolated) chant. </blockquote>
<br />
Here is an example of one of the tropes on this Introit, found in the book <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Early_Trope_Repertory_of_Saint_Martial_d.html?id=kqx9BgAAQBAJ"><i>Early Trope Repertory of Saint Martial de Limoges</i></a>, by Paul Evans. The book describes it as an example of "line-by-line interpolations, in which a trope introduces each phrase of the official chant":<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Trope: <i>Hodie Stephanus martye celos ascendit, quem propheta dudmum intuens eius voce dicebat:</i><br />
Introit: <i>Etenim sederunt principes et adversum me loquebantur.</i><br />
Trope: <i> Insurrexerunt contra me Iudeorum populi inique,</i><br />
Introit: <i>Et iniqui persecuti sunt me.</i><br />
Trope: <i>Invidiose lapidibus appresserunt me;</i><br />
Introit: <i>Adiuva me Dominus Deus meus</i>.<br />
Trope: <i>Suscipe meum in pace spiritum,</i><br />
Introit: <i>Quia servus tuus exercebatur in tuis iustificationibus.</i></blockquote>
<br />
Tropes were new compositions, and the melody and texts were conceived simultaneously, according to Evans. Unfortunately, I was not able to find any audio or video of any of the
tropes for this feast - but I will keep looking. Perhaps there will be
some video online for tropes of major feasts; there are many associated
with Christmas, so I may return there.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> </div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">[EDIT 11/14/23: Thanks to an anonymous commenter on this post, I now have an example of a trope on this Introit - but unfortunately I haven't yet been able to make out what the words are. Here's the video anyway; you can hear that the trope introduces the Introit, and it is then interspersed between each line of the text. Hopefully at some point I'll succeed in finding the text of the trope, and will return here to post it if I do:<br /><br /> <br />
<iframe frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://youtube.com/embed/rghS-cKwS4A?si=F9RHpNeUMKacgskV" width="480"></iframe></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> </div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Thanks, Anonymous!]<br /><br />
<a href="https://books.google.com/books?pg=PA7&id=qljpAAAAMAAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false">This page in the book <i>The Winchester Troper, from Mss. of the Xth and XIth Centuries</i></a> - edited by Walter Frere - contains a complete list of tropes associated with this feast from those sources. Here's screen-cap of that page, listing all the tropes, with some footnotes; as you can see, there are several tropes each associated with the Introit, the Offertory, and the Communio:<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SZEeetfm6io/WkLrDVNWjDI/AAAAAAAAGNA/97GYN5sKIp4JFS0RAkQzJ-k8NJ2uJLriQCLcBGAs/s1600/trope-st-stephen.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1304" data-original-width="619" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-SZEeetfm6io/WkLrDVNWjDI/AAAAAAAAGNA/97GYN5sKIp4JFS0RAkQzJ-k8NJ2uJLriQCLcBGAs/s1600/trope-st-stephen.png" /></a></div>
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<br />
I am now reading a bit more about the tropes on this Introit, but want
to get this post published today, so that will be another post.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mariotto_di_Nardo_-_Predella_Panel_Representing_the_Legend_of_St._Stephen-_Devils_Agitating_the_Sea_as_Giuliana_Transpor..._-_Google_Art_Project.jpg">Here's an interesting painting</a>
of St. Stephen by Mariotto di Nardo; the full title is apparently
"Predella Panel Representing the Legend of St. Stephen: Devils Agitating
the Sea as Giuliana Transports the Body of St. Stephen from Jerusalem
to Constantinople / The Re-interment of St. Stephen beside St. Lawrence
in Rome."<br />
<br />
No idea what that's about, but I'll check it out!<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TYAjTz-sG-s/WkLs0-XY9lI/AAAAAAAAGNM/MTdkF-u2rrUvJA7uwvOkC2_3ZeqCs-o2gCLcBGAs/s1600/1280px-Mariotto_di_Nardo_-_Predella_Panel_Representing_the_Legend_of_St._Stephen-_Devils_Agitating_the_Sea_as_Giuliana_Transpor..._-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="643" data-original-width="1280" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TYAjTz-sG-s/WkLs0-XY9lI/AAAAAAAAGNM/MTdkF-u2rrUvJA7uwvOkC2_3ZeqCs-o2gCLcBGAs/s640/1280px-Mariotto_di_Nardo_-_Predella_Panel_Representing_the_Legend_of_St._Stephen-_Devils_Agitating_the_Sea_as_Giuliana_Transpor..._-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-86097225268776784072017-12-23T19:51:00.000-05:002017-12-23T19:51:01.139-05:00A Christmas Responsory: Hodie nobis caelorum Rex <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Here's the beautiful 1st Responsory of Christmas Matins; I believe the singers are the <a href="http://www.scholagregoriana.org/article/about">Schola Gregoriana of Cambridge</a>, directed by Mary Berry, and that the recording comes from <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B06Y47ZTCT/ref=sr_1_115_rd?_encoding=UTF8&child=B06Y4CMCMR&qid=1514045474&sr=1-115%3C/a%3E">this CD</a>. They are wonderful singers!<br />
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<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SnF2ojbH8kY" width="560"></iframe><br />
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From <a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/officium.pl">Divinum Officium</a>, here is the text in Latin and English, from its "1570 Trident" source:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;">R.</span> Hodie nobis cælórum Rex de Vírgine nasci dignátus est, ut hóminem pérditum ad cæléstia regna revocaret:</span></i><br />
<i><span style="color: black;"> * Gaudet exercitus Angelórum: quia salus æterna humano generi appáruit.</span></i><br />
<i><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;">V.</span> Glória in excélsis Deo, et in terra pax homínibus bonæ voluntátis.</span></i><br />
<i><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;">R.</span> Gaudet exercitus Angelórum: quia salus æterna humano generi appáruit.</span></i><br />
<i><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;">V.</span> Glória Patri, et Fílio, et Spirítui Sancto.</span></i><br />
<i><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;">R.</span> Hodie nobis cælórum Rex de Vírgine nasci dignátus est, ut hóminem pérditum ad cæléstia regna revocaret: * Gaudet exercitus Angelórum: quia salus æterna humano generi appáruit.</span></i><br />
<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> This is the day whereon the King of heaven was pleased to be born of a Virgin, that He might bring back to heaven man who was lost.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> * There is joy among the hosts of Angels, because eternal salvation hath appeared unto men.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, to men of goodwill.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> There is joy among the hosts of Angels, because eternal salvation hath appeared unto men.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>V.</i></span> Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: red;"><i>R.</i></span> This is the day whereon the King of heaven was pleased to be born of a Virgin, that He might bring back to heaven man who was lost. There is joy among the hosts of Angels, because eternal salvation hath appeared unto men.</span></blockquote>
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Here's the chant score, from the <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/15874/23/B-06%20Nativitatis.pdf">McMaster Sarum Breviary (PDF)</a>; it's a slight bit different than what the Roman Breviary does. The latter returns to "gaudet exercitus angelorum" in the response, while the former to "Quia salus eterna."<br />
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This is what the First Nocturn of Christmas Matins looks like; this is taken from <a href="https://archive.org/details/romanbreviaryre01cath">the Marquess of Bute Roman Breviary published 1908</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<h5>
<span class="mw-headline" id="FIRST_NOCTURN.">FIRST NOCTURN.</span></h5>
<i>First Antiphon.</i> The LORD hath said unto Me : * Thou art My Son, this day have I begotten Thee. <br />
<b>Psalm II.</b> <br />
Why do the heathen rage ? &c.<br />
<i>Second Antiphon.</i> The Lord is as a bridegroom * coming out of his chamber. <br />
<b>Psalm XVIII.</b> <br />
The heavens declare, &c. <br />
<i>Third Antiphon.</i> Grace is poured into Thy lips: * therefore God hath blessed Thee for ever. <br />
<b>Psalm XLIV.</b> <br />
Mine heart is overflowing, &c. <br />
<i>Verse.</i> The Lord is as a bride groom. <br />
<br />
<b>First Lesson.</b><i> (Isa. ix. I.)</i> <br />
<span class="dropcap">A</span>T the first He lightly afflicted the land of Zabulon and the land of Naphtali : and afterward did more grievously afflict the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles. The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light : they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined. Thou hast multiplied the nation and not increased the joy. They shall joy before Thee according to the joy in harvest, as men rejoice when they divide the spoil. For Thou hast broken the yoke of his burden, and the staff of his shoulder, and the rod of his oppressor, as in the day of Midian. For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise, and garments rolled in blood, and it shall be with burning and fuel of fire. For unto us a Child is born, and unto us a Son is given : and the government is upon His shoulder, and His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The Mighty God, The Ever lasting Father, the Prince of Peace. <br />
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<b>First Responsory.</b> <br />
This is the day whereon the King of heaven was pleased to be born of a Virgin, that He might bring back to heaven man who was lost. There is joy among the hosts of Angels, because eternal salvation hath appeared unto men. <br />
<i>Verse.</i> Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, to men of goodwill. <br />
<i>Answer.</i> There is joy among the hosts of Angels, because eternal salvation hath appeared unto men. <br />
<i>Verse.</i> Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. <br />
<i>Answer.</i> This is the day whereon the King of heaven was pleased to be born of a Virgin, that He might bring back to heaven man who was lost. There is joy among the hosts of Angels, because eternal salvation hath appeared unto men. <br />
<br />
<b>Second Lesson.</b><i> (Isa. xl. i.)</i> <br />
<span class="dropcap">C</span>OMFORT ye, comfort ye, My people, saith your God. Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned ; for she hath received of the LORD'S hand double for all her sins. The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness : Prepare ye the way of the LORD, make straight in the desert an highway for our God. Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low : and the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain. And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together ; for the mouth of the LORD hath spoken it. The voice said, Cry. And I said : What shall I cry ? All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field. The grass withereth and the flower fadeth, because the spirit of the LORD bloweth upon it : surely the people is grass. The grass withereth and the flower fadeth : but the word of our Lord endureth for ever. <br />
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<b>Second Responsory.</b> <br />
This day is the true peace come down unto us from heaven. This day throughout the whole world the skies drop down sweetness. <br />
<i>Verse.</i> This day is the daybreak of our new redemption, of the re storing of the old, of everlasting joy. <br />
<i>Answer.</i> This day throughout the whole world the skies drop down sweetness. <br />
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<b>Third Lesson. </b><i>(Isa. lii. I.)</i> <br />
<span class="dropcap">A</span>WAKE, awake, put on thy strength, O Zion : put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem, thou city of the Holy One ! for henceforth there shall no more come into thee the uncircumcised and the unclean. Shake thyself from the dust, arise, sit down, O Jerusalem : loose thyself from the bands of thy neck, O captive daughter of Zion ! For thus saith the LORD : Ye have sold yourselves for nought, and ye shall be redeemed without money. For thus saith the Lord GOD : My people went down aforetime into Egypt, to sojourn there : and the Assyrian oppressed them without cause. Now, therefore, what have I here, saith the LORD, that My people is taken away for nought ? They that rule over them do evil, saith the LORD, and My name continually every day is blasphemed. Therefore My people shall know My Name in that day : they shall know that I am He That spake, behold, it is I. <br />
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<b>Third Responsory.</b> <br />
O ye shepherds, speak, and tell us what ye have seen ; who is appeared in the earth ? We saw the new-born Child, and Angels singing praise to the Lord. <br />
<i>Verse.</i> Speak ; what have ye seen ? And tell us of the Birth of Christ. <br />
<i>Answer.</i> We saw the new-born Child, and Angels singing praise to the Lord. <br />
<i>Verse.</i> Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost. <br />
<i>Answer.</i> We saw the new-born Child, and Angels singing praise to the Lord. </blockquote>
<i><br />
</i>Lovely, to me, that all three Lessons are taken from Isaiah. The fourth through sixth Lessons are taken from a Christmas sermon of Pope Leo II - and then the seventh and eighth Lessons, finally, are Luke's Nativity. The ninth Lesson is the beautiful Prologue of John's Gospel. Really a wonderful Feast of the Nativity Matins.<br />
<i><br />
</i>Also: I love that second Psalm antiphon: "The Lord is as a bridegroom * coming out of his chamber." That's a reference to <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/Psalm%2019%3A5">Psalm 19:5</a>, where it refers to the Sun! The use made here of it is terrific, though - the "chamber" being the womb of Mary.<br />
<i> <br />
</i>Here's Thomas Tallis' setting of the Responsory; the chant alternates with his composition:<br />
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<iframe allow="encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" gesture="media" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0oOaNjFpWVQ" width="560"></iframe><br />
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<a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123653">This manuscript page</a> that contains <i>Hodie nobis caelorum Rex</i> - right at the top - comes from a Twelfth-century antiphoner from Klosterneuburg, Austria. This is staffless chant notation, above the text:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ft9u8jfeCBw/Wj6ZntlrxzI/AAAAAAAAGME/uRNKDrOmPcYNyFBhYrjuQZNSP22Wln6BwCLcBGAs/s1600/AT5000-1010_21v%2B%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ft9u8jfeCBw/Wj6ZntlrxzI/AAAAAAAAGME/uRNKDrOmPcYNyFBhYrjuQZNSP22Wln6BwCLcBGAs/s640/AT5000-1010_21v%2B%25281%2529.jpg" width="425" /></a></div>
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And here's another colorful page from <a href="http://cantus.uwaterloo.ca/source/123667">this Thirteenth-century Austrian Cistercian antiphoner</a> that contains this Responsory:<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gk_LqYWsX2M/Wj6Y263kBuI/AAAAAAAAGL4/4iHsT3no_ictUMfZo_SgPS3VvY3pbU1TwCLcBGAs/s1600/null2981231%2B%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1184" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gk_LqYWsX2M/Wj6Y263kBuI/AAAAAAAAGL4/4iHsT3no_ictUMfZo_SgPS3VvY3pbU1TwCLcBGAs/s640/null2981231%2B%25281%2529.jpg" width="472" /></a></div>
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Lastly, <a href="https://cantus.simssa.ca/manuscript/133/?folio=033r">here's a closeup from a later ms</a> (1555-ish), taken from a Cistercian
antiphoner from the Abbey of Salzinnes, Namur, in the Diocese of Liège
[Belgium]. That beautiful piece of art is the "h" of "hodie"! <br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lUm6Les95mU/Wj6bryIzIAI/AAAAAAAAGMQ/E_jOJLAc3qMMpgLipRk2BoT7FHx39A7EACLcBGAs/s1600/salzinnes%2Bhodie.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="449" data-original-width="800" height="358" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lUm6Les95mU/Wj6bryIzIAI/AAAAAAAAGMQ/E_jOJLAc3qMMpgLipRk2BoT7FHx39A7EACLcBGAs/s640/salzinnes%2Bhodie.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Giotto,_Lower_Church_Assisi,_Nativity_01.jpg">Here's Giotto's fresco of the Nativity</a>, around 1310, from the lower church of San Francesco, Assisi:<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-10_aFzRN9Uk/Wj6UvvWPzbI/AAAAAAAAGLk/mt9CMUMUAWcyyoF8fzXepndR1u-hGXKugCLcBGAs/s1600/Giotto%252C_Lower_Church_Assisi%252C_Nativity_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="823" data-original-width="1030" height="508" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-10_aFzRN9Uk/Wj6UvvWPzbI/AAAAAAAAGLk/mt9CMUMUAWcyyoF8fzXepndR1u-hGXKugCLcBGAs/s640/Giotto%252C_Lower_Church_Assisi%252C_Nativity_01.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Blessed Christmas to all.<br />
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-48532120136858152872017-12-14T22:34:00.002-05:002017-12-19T12:27:44.313-05:00An Advent I Responsory: Aspiciebam<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This beautiful chant is the 2nd Responsory at Matins of Advent 1 Sunday:<br />
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This is the text, an apocalyptic passage from <a href="http://biblehub.com/kjv/daniel/7.htm">Daniel 7:13-14</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>R. Aspiciébam in visu noctis, et ecce in núbibus cæli Fílius hóminis veniébat: et datum est ei regnum, et honor:<br />
* Et omnis pópulus, tribus, et linguæ sérvient ei.<br />
V. Potéstas ejus, potéstas ætérna, quæ non auferétur: et regnum ejus, quod non corrumpétur.<br />
R. Et omnis pópulus, tribus, et linguæ sérvient ei.</i><br />
<br />
R. I saw in the night visions, and, behold, the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and there was given Him a Kingdom, and glory;<br />
* And all people, nations, and languages shall serve Him.<br />
V. His dominion is an everlasting dominion which shall not pass away, and His Kingdom that which shall not be destroyed.<br />
R. And all people, nations, and languages shall serve Him.</blockquote>
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Here's the chant score <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/15874/100/B-01%20Advent%20Dominica%20I.pdf">from the Sarum Breviary</a>; it may not match up exactly with what's on the recording - I haven't compared them yet - but it was the only score I could find of this chant.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JkRYaNmoS5I/WjNCc-H18RI/AAAAAAAAGKw/upcCXuaRoGYMdwHXsiycWEBFPY82MTXkACLcBGAs/s1600/aspiciebam.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="601" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JkRYaNmoS5I/WjNCc-H18RI/AAAAAAAAGKw/upcCXuaRoGYMdwHXsiycWEBFPY82MTXkACLcBGAs/s400/aspiciebam.png" width="350" /></a></div>
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The 1st Responsory on the same Sunday is <a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2015/11/aspiciens-longe-i-look-from-afar.html"><i>Aspiciens a longe</i></a>: "I look from afar" - a rather famous Responsory, in fact, sung on the first Sunday in Advent even now in many Anglican parishes. Then there is this one, <i>Aspiciebam</i>, the 2nd Responsory; the 3rd Responsory is a version of the Annunciation from Luke's Gospel. <br />
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Matins is a long service, especially on Sunday; it starts with Invitatory prayers (here, the Lord's Prayer and the Hail Mary), the creed, the <i>Venite</i>, and a hymn; it continues with generally three <i>Nocturns</i>. Each Nocturn begins with the recitation of Psalms - for this particular service, the first Nocturn is Psalms 1-14, with Antiphons. (On other days, there are far fewer Psalms in each Nocturn! On non-Sundays and non-Feast Days in Advent, for instance, it's sometimes three Psalms per Nocturn.) Following the Psalms, three Lessons are read, consisting either of Scripture or a Sermon or writing from a Church Father. (I believe that without exception, the Lessons for the First Nocturn are always from Scripture; non-Scriptural writings are limited to Nocturns 2 and 3. These non-scriptural Lessons are often commentaries on passages of Scripture.) <br />
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Responsories are sung following each of the Lessons. You can get an idea of what all this is like by going to <a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/officium.pl#">Divinum Officium</a> and clicking "Matutinum.")<br />
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The Lessons for the First Nocturn at Matins on the First Sunday in Advent all come from <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+1">Isaiah 1</a>. Here's what the whole Lesson section of the First Nocturne looks like; this is taken from <a href="https://archive.org/details/romanbreviaryre01cath">the Marquess of Bute Roman Breviary published 1908</a>. <br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>First Lesson.</b><br />
<br />
THE vision of Isaiah, the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth, for the LORD hath spoken : I have nourished and brought up children : and they have rebelled against Me. The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib : but Israel doth not know Me, and My people doth not consider.<br />
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<b>First Responsory.</b><br />
<br />
I look from afar, and, behold, I see the Power of God coming, and a cloud covering all the land. Go ye out to meet Him, and say : Tell us if Thou art He, That shalt reign over God s people Israel.<br />
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<b>Verse</b>. Both low and high, rich and poor together.<br />
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<b>Answer</b>. Go ye out to meet Him, and say.<br />
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<b>Verse</b>. Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel^ Thou That leadest Joseph like a flock.<br />
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<b>Answer</b>. Tell us if Thou art He.<br />
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<b>Verse</b>. Lift up your gates, O ye princes ; and be ye lift up, ye everlast ing doors, and the King of glory shall come in.<br />
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<b>Answer</b>. That shalt reign over God s people Israel.<br />
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<b>Verse</b>. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.<br />
<br />
<b>Answer</b>. I look from afar, and, behold, I see the Power of God coming, and a cloud covering all the land. Go ye out to meet Him, and say : Tell us if Thou art He, That shalt reign over God's people Israel.<br />
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<b>Second Lesson.</b><br />
<br />
WOE to the sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evil-doers, children that are corrupters : they have forsaken the LORD, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger : they are gone away back ward. Upon what part shall I smite you any more, ye that revolt more and more ? The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint : from the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it, but wounds and bruises and putrifying sores : they have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment.<br />
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<b>Second Responsory.</b><br />
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I saw in the night visions, and, behold, the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and there was given Him a Kingdom, and glory : and all people, nations, and languages shall serve Him.<br />
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<b>Verse</b>. His dominion is an ever lasting dominion which shall not pass away, and His Kingdom that which shall not be destroyed.<br />
<br />
<b>Answer</b>. And all people, nations, and languages shall serve Him.<br />
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<b>Third Lesson.</b><br />
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YOUR country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire ; your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers. And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, and as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, and as a besieged city. Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a seed, we should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrah.<br />
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<b>Third Responsory.</b><br />
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The Angel Gabriel was sent to Mary, a Virgin espoused to Joseph, to bring unto her the word of the Lord : and when the Virgin saw the light she was afraid. Fear not, Mary, for thou hast found grace from the Lord. Behold, thou shalt conceive and bring forth a son, and He shall be called the Son of the Highest.<br />
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<b>Verse</b>. The Lord God shall give unto Him the throne of His father David, and He shall reign over the house of Jacob for ever.<br />
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<b>Answer</b>. Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bring forth a son, and He shall be called the Son of the Highest.<br />
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<b>Verse</b>. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Ghost.<br />
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<b>Answer</b>. Behold, thou shalt conceive and bring forth a son, and He shall be called the Son of the Highest.</blockquote>
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Here are three pages from manuscripts that contain this responsory. First, <a href="http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en/csg/0390/016">here's a really old one</a> - from around 990 A.D. - from the Swiss St. Gall Antiphonary. You can see it there where you see the first large red "R" at the left; the chant notation is written above in the old staffless style:<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oqcH2eprHPI/WjM56fXy-HI/AAAAAAAAGKY/Ltf5hTxhvW8oHQahJmz5dgAA6zbew8wsQCLcBGAs/s1600/e-codices_csg-0390_016_large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oqcH2eprHPI/WjM56fXy-HI/AAAAAAAAGKY/Ltf5hTxhvW8oHQahJmz5dgAA6zbew8wsQCLcBGAs/s640/e-codices_csg-0390_016_large.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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Next, <a href="http://archiv.onb.ac.at:1801/j2k/jpegNavMain.jsp?pid=2981199&pid=2981199_">there's this page from a kind of wild thirteenth-century Cistercian antiphoner from Vienna</a>; <i>Aspiciebam </i>begins at the bottom of the page:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FYmZoovqWs8/WjM7Kvu7WTI/AAAAAAAAGKg/4jQWJymeeRALsXyBPPgEf0RPf6MQejMRgCLcBGAs/s1600/null2981199%2B%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1173" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FYmZoovqWs8/WjM7Kvu7WTI/AAAAAAAAGKg/4jQWJymeeRALsXyBPPgEf0RPf6MQejMRgCLcBGAs/s640/null2981199%2B%25281%2529.jpg" width="467" /></a></div>
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And <a href="http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0009/bsb00090351/images/index.html?fip=193.174.98.30&id=00090351&seite=9">this is an image from the much later Münster Antiphoner (1537)</a>:<br />
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-49704398073501407792017-11-29T12:24:00.002-05:002017-11-29T12:24:37.907-05:00Anglican Chant XXXIV: Psalm 43, Give Sentence with me (Turle)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
A nice Anglican Chant tune from Turle:<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/HhDsJjIbQoI" width="420"></iframe><br />
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Here's the Psalm text from the <a href="http://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Psalm+43&vnum=yes&version=bcp">Coverdale</a> Psalter:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
1 Give sentence with me, O God, and defend my cause against the ungodly people *<br />
O deliver me from the deceitful and wicked man.<br />
2 For thou art the God of my strength, why hast thou put me from thee *<br />
and why go I so heavily, while the enemy oppresseth me?<br />
3 O send out thy light and thy truth, that they may lead me *<br />
and bring me unto thy holy hill, and to thy dwelling.<br />
4 And that I may go unto the altar of God, even unto the God of my joy and gladness *<br />
and upon the harp will I give thanks unto thee, O God, my God.<br />
5 Why art thou so heavy, O my soul *<br />
and why art thou so disquieted within me?<br />
6 O put thy trust in God *<br />
for I will yet give him thanks, which is the help of my countenance, and my God.</blockquote>
<br /><br />"Give sentence with me" is translated as "Vindicate me" in <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm%2043">the ESL translation</a>; the Latin incipit is "<i>Judica me, Deus</i>." I am not certain about the derivation of the "give sentence with me" idiom; it's cetainly unusual in our context. Will try to find out more about it. <br /><br />
James Turle "was Organist and Master of the Choristers at Westminster Abbey from 1831-1882." The Abbey has a full biography of Turle, <a href="http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/people/james-turle">here</a>.<br /><br />While writing this post, I found <a href="http://www.anglicanchant.nl/">an interesting Dutch Anglican Chant</a> site as well! There are pages for each composer, listing their compositions by key and other classifications. <a href="http://www.anglicanchant.nl/composers/cp0194.html">Here is Turle's individual page</a>.<br />
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-57256529947491345732017-11-02T13:08:00.004-04:002017-11-13T10:15:21.243-05:00An All Saints' Day Matins Responsory: Audivi vocem de caelo ("I heard a voice coming from heaven")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
While searching for <i>something </i>recently (I don't remember what!), I came across this beautiful Taverner composition. <a href="http://www2.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Audivi_vocem_de_caelo_venientem">CPDL</a> describes it as the "8th responsory at Matins on All Saints. Source of text is Jeremiah 40:10 and Matthew 25:6."<br />
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It's a beautiful piece of <i>alternatim</i>: composed melody alternating with plainchant.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oVmaZ64K3C4" width="560"></iframe> <br />
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Here's the full text; the translation is via CPDL at the link above.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="poem">
<i>Audivi vocem de caelo venientem: venite omnes virgines sapientissime;</i><br />
<i>oleum recondite in vasis vestris dum sponsus advenerit.</i><br />
<i>Media nocte clamor factus est: ecce sponsus venit.</i></div>
</blockquote>
<div class="poem">
<blockquote>
I heard a voice coming from heaven: come all wisest virgins;<br />
fill your vessels with oil, for the bridegroom is coming.<br />
In the middle of the night there was a cry: behold the bridegroom comes.</blockquote>
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<br />
Whenever I come across a new work sourced from the Breviary, I check <i><a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/officium.pl">Divinum Officium</a> </i>to see where the original chant came from, and learn more about its context - and also sometimes to get a translation.<br />
<br />
This time, the responsory wasn't there - at least, not in this form. The "Trident 1570" version of the Breviary at Divinum Officium has this for the 8th Responsory:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>R. Media nocte clamor factus est: <br />
* Ecce sponsus venit, exíte obviam ei.<br />
V. Prudéntes vírgines, aptate vestras lámpades.<br />
R. Ecce sponsus venit, exíte obviam ei.<br />
V. Glória Patri, et Fílio, * et Spirítui Sancto.<br />
R. Ecce sponsus venit, exíte óbviam ei. </i> </blockquote>
Translated there as:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
R. At midnight there was a cry made:<br />
* Behold, the Bridegroom cometh, go ye out to meet him.<br />
V. Trim your lamps, O ye wise virgins.<br />
R. Behold, the Bridegroom cometh, go ye out to meet him.<br />
V. Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, * and to the Holy Ghost.<br />
R. Behold, the Bridegroom cometh, go ye out to meet him.</blockquote>
<br />
None of the other versions of the Breviary (Pre-Trident Monastic, Trident 1910, etc.) had the <i>Audivi vocem</i> incipit, either. <br />
<br />
But, several other composers - Tallis, Duarte Lobo, Shepherd - had also set the <i>Audivi vocem </i>version of the responsory, so I knew it existed somewhere at that time. Checking <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/15874/103/C-12%20November.pdf">the Sarum Breviary at McMaster.ca</a> (PDF) solved the problem; there it was, as the 8th Responsory at Matins of All Saints.<br />
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Here's the score from that PDF; you can follow along with the chant sections of the Taverner piece and see how it sounded.<br />
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Here is Thomas Tallis' setting, sung by the wonderful New York Polyphony:</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TepB49nYgvg" width="560"></iframe><br />
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Not quite sure about Jeremiah as a source, though! That's this:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
As for me, behold, I will dwell at Mizpah, to serve the Chaldeans, which will come unto us: but ye, gather ye wine, and summer fruits, and oil, and put them in your vessels, and dwell in your cities that ye have taken.</blockquote>
<div class="poem">
Seems a bit tenuous, to me. But, I will look further at this; I'm interested in its Advent-ish them anyway, and why that shows up here. Also quite interesting is that so many composers set this rather obscure - although very beautiful - responsory; would like to find out more about that, too.<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-49170511039898879652017-11-01T11:58:00.003-04:002017-11-01T12:03:08.017-04:00The All Saints' Alleluia: Venite ad me, omnes ("Come to me, all ye who labor")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Here is this Alleluia, sung by the <i>Koninklijk Sint Ceciliakoor Turnhout</i> - The Royal St. Cecilia Choir of Turnhout. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnhout">Turnhout</a> is a city in the Flemish province of Antwerp, in Belgium.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/v-_pFu5lRh8" width="560"></iframe><br />
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The text is the famous one from <a href="http://biblehub.com/matthew/11-28.htm">Matthew 11:28</a>: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Venite ad me, omnes, qui laboratis et onerati estis, et ego reficiam vos. </i><br />
<br />
Come to me, all ye who labor and are heavy-laden, and I will give you rest.</blockquote>
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The use of this text on All Saints Day lends it powerful and beautiful resonances; both "ye who labor and are heavy-laden" and "rest" take on new significance from the meaning of the day.<br />
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Here is the score; as you can see, this is a very melismatic chant:<br />
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<br />
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Chants-Vatican-Gradual-Dominic-Johner/dp/1258044366/">Dom Dominic Johner</a>'s discussion of this chant is quite beautiful, and I'll simply quote it in full. The reference "C.O.," which Johner cites twice, refers, according to his introduction, to "<i>Caecilienvereinsorgan</i>, from 1856 (Regensburg, Pustet); from 1924 (M.-Gladbach, Volksvereinsverlag)."<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
This Alleluia again is a prelude to the subsequent Gospel and its beatitudes. Its splendor, its solemnity, and its triumphant joy is spread over the melody like the light of a glorious dawn. It is one of the most valued chants in the Graduale, one which grips the singer spontaneously. <br />
<br />
Indeed, there is mention of those who are afflicted and heavily burdened. But the Saviour invites them to Himself; and according to the interpretation of the composer of the plainsong melody, He has placed in this invitation a fullness of consolation and refreshment, of liberty and bliss. Although we must admit that the melisma over <i>laboratis</i> is considerably drawn out, yet there is nothing oppressive about it, nothing that suggests pain or sore distress. It is a thorough Alleluia-song, giving one the impression that all difficulties have been overcome, just as the saints in heaven with joy and fervent thanksgiving to God now cast a glance backward at their earthly existence. <br />
<br />
The <i>jubilus </i>has the form a + a<sup>1</sup>, b, c, c<sup>1</sup>. We find that the melody of <i>Alleluia </i>likewise begins the verse <i>Venite</i>. The b-member of the <i>jubilus </i>has exerted an influence on the melody over <i>omnes</i>. "If in the beginning with <i>Venite ad me</i> the melody was tender and mild, almost ingratiating, with <i>omnes </i>it rises wide and high, as if Christ were opening His arms to embrace the many thousands" (C. O., 50, 150). <br />
<br />
The melisma over <i>laboratis </i>with its fifty-two notes clearly reveals the structure: a b b a; a is repeated immediately after the third pause, contracting the individual notes over <i>qui laboratis</i> into a torculus. Here the motives ascend forcefully upward. Contrasting with this, we find between these motives the descending motives c and c<sup>1</sup> of the <i>jubilus</i>. "Scarcely has the word <i>reficiam </i>been uttered, than the entire choir joins in. The melody of alleluia rises to the lips. For they have experienced a hundred and a thousand times the meaning of this <i>reficiam</i>. They can only thank, praise, and rejoice, and in their hearts and on their lips the grateful response to the promise of Christ finds expression in the melody of the <i>jubilus</i>, until it once more brings this gripping, highly dramatic picture to a close" (C. O., 50, 150). <br />
<br />
In the subsequent Gospel we are shown how God comforts His people. He will console and give them their fill, will show them mercy, and will lead them to the contemplation of Himself; they will be called and truly be children of God: He will give them His heaven. Would that we might think of this oftener in this our earthly exile! <br />
<br />
Today the Saviour has again invited to Himself all who have come to the house of God. In the sacred Mysteries He will be our strength, and through them He will prepare us for that eternal Alleluia with which the streets of the heavenly Jerusalem forever resound. </blockquote>
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The collect for today is a beautiful one, too:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Almighty God, you have knit together your elect in one communion and fellowship in the mystical body of your Son Christ our Lord: Give us grace so to follow your blessed saints in all virtuous and godly living, that we may come to those ineffable joys that you have prepared for those who truly love you; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who with you and the Holy Spirit lives and reigns, one God, in glory everlasting. Amen.</blockquote>
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Here are mp3 files and scores for all the propers on the day, <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/missa_omnium_sanctorum.html">from ChristusRex.org</a>:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<center>
<b>Die 1 novembris</b> <br />
<b>Omnium Sanctorum</b></center>
Introitus: Ps. 32 <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/in_gaudeamus__sanctorum_omnium.mp3">Gaudeamus... Sanctorum omnium</a> (3m09.8s - 2969 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/in_gaudeamus__sanctorum_omnium.gif">score</a> <br />
Graduale: Ps. 33, 10. V. 11b <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/gr_timete_dominum.mp3">Timete Dominum</a> (2m33.1s - 2395 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/gr_timete_dominum.gif">score</a> <br />
Alleluia: Mt. 11, 28 <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/al_venite_ad_me.mp3">Venite ad me</a> (3m34.5s - 3355 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/al_venite_ad_me.gif">score</a> <br />
Offertorium: Sap. 3, 1.2.3 <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/of_iustorum_animae.mp3">Iustorum animæ</a> (2m25.8s - 2281 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/of_iustorum_animae.gif">score</a> <br />
Communio: Mt. 5, 8.9.10 <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/co_beati_mundo_corde.mp3">Beati mundo corde</a> (1m29.8s - 1408 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/co_beati_mundo_corde.gif">score</a> </blockquote>
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And here are posts about these on Chantblog:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com.es/2013/10/the-introit-for-solemnity-of-all-saints.html">The Introit for the Solemnity of All Saints: <i>Gaudeamus Omnes</i> ("Let us all rejoice")</a></li>
<li><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2014/10/the-gradual-for-solemnity-of-all-saints.html">The Gradual for the Solemnity of All Saints: <i>Timete Dominum omnes sancti ejus </i>("Fear the Lord, all ye his saints").</a></li>
<li><a href="https://chantblog.blogspot.com/2017/11/the-all-saints-alleluia-venite-ad-me.html">The All Saints' Alleluia: Venite ad me, omnes ("Come to me, all ye who labor").</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2015/10/the-offertory-for-feast-of-all-saints.html">The Offertory for the Feast of All Saints: <i>Justorum animae</i> ("The souls of the righteous")</a> </li>
<li><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-communion-song-for-solemnity-of-all.html">The Communion Song for the Solemnity of All Saints: <i>Beati Mundo Corde </i> ("Blessed are the pure in heart")</a></li>
<li><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/november-1-feast-of-all-saints.html">The Office for November 1: The Feast of All Saints</a>, and <a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/all-saints-day-complete-office.html">All Saints' Day: The Complete Office</a> </li>
</ul>
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-83659797491390074552017-10-14T21:37:00.004-04:002017-11-05T20:54:10.997-05:00Beth Gazo: Bo'utho of Mor Yakub; Eight Modes<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/41rasymUy1k" width="560"></iframe><br />
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From the Youtube page:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In this video you can listen to 7 out of the Eight Modes of chanting the Boutho of Mor Yakub as per the Beth Gazo (Ekkara Canon). In addition to these eight modes there is also a mode for the Hasho.. the tune being that of "Mashiha Skeeppa Mruthi Kashtathakal". <br />
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The hymn used in this video is the Malayalam translation of the Boutho of Mar Yakub from the Safro (Prabhatha Prarthana) of Wednesday from the sh'himo. In Malankara the sh'himo of Wednesday is known as Sleeba Namaskaram. Only alternate stanzas of this hymn is available in Malayalam translations. The translation found in this video was done in 1942 , by Mathews Mar Athanasios (later Catholicse Baselious MarThoma Mathew Ist). This is the translation that you will find in MOC publications and used in MOC churches. <br />
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The very first translation of the Sleeba Namaskaram as hymns happened in 1927 and was done by the late Arch Chor-Episcopa Kurian Kaniamparambil when he was just 15 years old. This is the Malayalam version that you find in the Qurbana Kramam published by MOST Seminary Publications Udayagiri and used in the Jacobite Churches.</blockquote>
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The <i>sh'himo</i> is the Book of Common Prayer (not the Anglican one) of Syriac Christianity, and contains the Daily Office. The hymn sung here is from Wednesday <i>Prabhata Prarthana</i>, Morning Prayer.<br />
<br />
A <i>Bo'utho </i>is a Litany or Petition; so the <i>Bo'utho of Mar Yakub </i>is the "Litany (or Petition) of St. James"; I am not 100% sure which James this is, although Western Syriac Christianity uses <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Liturgy_of_Saint_James">The Liturgy of St. James</a> (James the Just, the Brother of Jesus) for its Eucharistic liturgy, so it could be that James. But, there is the Syriac <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Intercisus">St. James the Persian</a> - a 5th-century saint also known as St. James Intercisus - and it could well be named for him; I need to do more research on this. But this is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malankara_Church">Malankara Church</a>, evidently, and the language is Malayalam (spoken in India), so this is almost certainly an Eastern Syriac Christian hymn.<br />
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Here is the <i>Bo'utho of Mar Yakub </i>from the Safro (Prabhatha Prarthana) of Wednesday from the <i>sh'himo</i>, according to <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mgocsmamerica.apps.shhimo">this <i>Sh'himo</i> app</a> (<a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/shhimo/id965639441?mt=8">Mac version here</a>):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Make us share, Lord, in the memory of your mother and your saints; by their prayers have pity on us, Lord and on or departed.<br />
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Blessed are you, Mary, for you were represented in a mystery by that ark which Moses made as a symbol; in it were the tables of the Law written by God, but in you, Mary, was the bread of life in truth.<br />
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Blessed are the dead who have slept and rested in peace; the flesh of the Son is buried with them as a pledge; he will cast down the walls of Sheol for them with violence and they will hear his voice and will go forth to meet him with speed.<br />
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Son, who were born of the daughter of David in the flesh, pour fourth your mercy on your flock in abundance.</blockquote>
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<br />
This is evidently one English translation of the <i>Bo'utho of Mar Yakub</i> for Easter, taken from <a href="http://www.ds-wa.org/images/stories/resource/litturgy/draft_vespersofqyomto.pdf">a draft Service of Vespers of Qyomto (PDF)</a>; it's on the website of the Diocese of South-West America of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. <i>Qyomto</i> is Easter, and as you can see, there are various versions of these petitions:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
1. Son, who raised and delivered your church from error<br />
Grant her your peace by your blessed resurrection</blockquote>
<blockquote>
2. The legions of light rose in honor of the King;<br />
Gabriel’s company exulted before Him<br />
<br />
3. The assembly on high came to see the Watcher<br />
Who slept, awoke, and rose up at his own pleasure<br />
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4. Glory to the hidden one who revealed himself<br />
who suffered and died in the flesh and rose from death<br />
<br />
5. The living and the departed shall confess you,<br />
And your Father above and your Holy Spirit<br />
<br />
6. May the peace which granted peace in heav’n and on earth<br />
Preserve your church, O Lord, by your resurrection </blockquote>
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As another example of a <i>bo'utho</i>, here is the <a href="https://www.stephremscolumbus.org/boutho-of-mar-balai"><i>Bo'utho of Mar Balai</i></a> (a 5th-century saint), sung at the 6th hour:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Moriyo rahem melain oo aa darein...<br />
Absolve us O Lord and our departed<br />
By the pray'rs of Saint Mary,- and the saints<br />
<br />
Mary's memory is a great blessing<br />
Her prayer is a fortress- for our souls.<br />
<br />
Prophets, Apostles, Martyrs, and the saints<br />
Please pray for us, now and for- evermore<br />
<br />
Lord pour upon the faithful departed<br />
Fragrance of both peace and joy- eternal<br />
<br />
Thanks to you O Lord who extols Mary<br />
Exalt the saints, and bless the- departed<br />
<br />
Absolve us O Lord and our departed<br />
By the pray'rs of Saint Mary,- and the saints</blockquote>
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<br />
<br />
Here's more, <a href="http://sor.cua.edu/BethGazo/">from this Syriac Orthodox site</a>:<br />
<blockquote>
<i>Beth Gazo d-ne`motho</i>, "The Treasury of Chants," is the key reference to Syriac Orthodox church music. Without mastering it, the cleric (priest, deacon or singer) cannot perform his/her liturgical duties. <br />
<br />
Consisting of a huge volume, the original <i>Beth Gazo</i> contained thousands of tunes, out of which about 700 or so survive. Today, the Syriac Orthodox Church employs an abridged version of the original <i>Beth Gazo</i>, containing the hundreds of tunes which survive. Alas, even some of the melodies in the abridged version are lost and hence are not part of this electronic version of the <i>Beth Gazo</i>.<br />
<br />
Music of the Syriac Orthodox church employs a <a href="https://www.blogger.com/BGModalSystem.html">modal system</a> consisting of eight ecclesiastical modes, analogous to the eight-mode Gregorian chant system. Each <i>qolo</i> (plural <i>qole</i>), or hymn, comes in eight different modes. To add to the richness of this system, some modes have variants of their own called in Syriac <i>shuhlophe</i> - only the skilled can master such variants. <br />
<br />
The abridged version of the <i>Beth Gazo</i> consists of the following types of hymns: <br />
<ul>
<li><i>Qole Shahroye</i> "Vigils". These where either originally sung during vigil hours, or sung by a group of people belonging to the order of vigilants (the same term is used in Latin, <i>vigiles</i>). The first two modes are dedicated to the Virgin, the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> to the saints, the 5<sup>th</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> to penitence, and the 7<sup>th</sup> and 8<sup>th</sup> to the departed. </li>
<li><i>Goshmo</i> (plural <i>goshme</i>) "Body". Also has eight modes each. The <i>goshme</i> are used in the daily offices known in Syriac as <i>shhimo</i>. </li>
<li><i>Sebeltho</i> (plural <i>seblotho</i>) "ladder". Two of these follow the eight-mode system. The rest have one melody each. </li>
<li><i>Phardo</i> (plural <i>Pharde</i>) "piece". These are short hymns divided into eight collections corresponding to the eight modes. Within each collection, each hymn has its own invariant melody. </li>
<li><i>Qonuno Yawnoyo</i> (plural <i>Qonune Yawnoye</i>) "Greek Canon". These are divided into eight collections corresponding to the eight modes. </li>
<li><i>Mawerbo</i> (plural <i>Mawerbe</i>) "Magnificat". These are divided into eight collections corresponding to the eight modes. </li>
<li><i>Qole Ghnize</i> "Mystic Hymns". They exist in the printed edition in eight modes, the melodies of some are apparently lost. </li>
<li><i>Takheshphotho Rabuloyotho</i> "Litanies of Rabula". These are divided into eight collections corresponding to the eight modes. </li>
<li><i>Tborto</i> (plural <i>Tborotho</i>) "Broken Hymns". There are three kinds of <i>Tborotho</i>: of St. Jacob, of St. Ephrem and of St. Balay. Each of them follows the eight-modal system. </li>
<li><i>Quqlyon</i> (plural <i>Quqalya</i>) "Cycles". These are cycles from the Psalms and follow the eight-modal system. </li>
<li><i>Qadishat Aloho</i>. "The Trisagion". There are eight melodies for the evening service and eight for the morning service for Sundays and feast days. </li>
</ul>
<br /></blockquote>
</div>
blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-81026374054024293302017-09-16T17:12:00.003-04:002018-04-17T14:16:11.083-04:00Office Antiphons for the Feast of St. Mary, August 15<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This year, while investigating First Vespers of The Feast of St. Mary (August 15), I made an interesting discovery: the Office Propers for this Feast are quite different between the <a href="https://archive.org/stream/romanbreviary03unknuoft#page/822/mode/2up">Roman Breviary</a> (published in 1908 and dating from the Council of Trent, 1545-1563), and the <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yusCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA314#v=onepage&q&f=false">Breviary of the Society of St. Margaret</a> (published in 1874). The Society of St. Margaret is an Anglican order, founded in 1855 by J.M. Neale.<br />
<br />
You'll notice, first of all, that the Feast is called "Assumption" in the Roman Breviary, but was called "The Repose Of The Blessed Virgin Mary" in the SSM Breviary. (This feast is now called, simply, "The Feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary" in the Episcopal Church (USA) and in other Anglican national churches.)<br />
<br />
As far as I can tell, J.M. Neale was doing four things when revising these antiphons from the Sarum Breviary (which follows the Roman exactly in the Lauds Psalm antiphons, for instance, and which is the basic source for the SSM Breviary) for the new breviary for this Anglican order. <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>First, he wanted Scriptural citations to replace the non-Scriptural sources for the Roman Breviary/Sarum antiphons, in keeping with the Book of Common Prayer's basic ethos. Many of these new antiphons were taken from Song of Songs, which the Roman Breviary also uses, but less frequently. </li>
<li>Second, as is pointed out in the intro to the SSM breviary, "the Gallican breviaries present us with rich and varied treasures of Scriptural applications, and mystical interpretations." (The SSM Breviary's full title, BTW, is: "<i>Breviary offices from lauds to compline inclusive, tr. from the Sarum book, and supplemented from Gallican and monastic uses.</i>" A mouthful!) Neale and the Sisters of the SSM particularly found the Offices of the Blessed Virgin Mary wanting in both the Sarum and Roman breviaries; the intro points out that in those prayer-books "almost the whole mass of Old Testament type and prophecy is neglected or ignored." It could very well be that some of the sources discussed in that intro - "the Breviaries of Paris, Rouen, Coutances, Beauvais, Noyon [and] the Benedictine, (whose authority in England ranks next to that of Sarum)" - are responsible for the inclusion of these antiphons. I am hoping that some of these sources are now or will eventually be brought online and I can investigate further.</li>
<li>Third, the emphasis is clearly on "Repose" rather than "Assumption." The single Psalm antiphon at First Vespers, for instance, sets the tone in a beautiful way: "<i>I sleep. Alleluia : but my heart waketh. Alleluia.</i>" That's <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Solomon+5%3A2&version=KJV">Song of Songs 5:2</a>, exactly. </li>
<li>And that brings me to Neale's fourth motivation: beauty. The intro, written as far as I can tell by a member of the SSM (and well worth reading for the information, as well as for its pointed criticisms!), points out that "....the [Sarum] Offices are disfigured by jingling and alliterative Antiphons, which indeed bear their testimony to the English love of the grotesque, but possess neither dignity nor beauty." Neale was a wonderful lyricist, and I'm sure his love of beauty influenced his choices for this feast; I think he was highly successful in creating a beautiful Office here.</li>
</ul>
<br />
As to that 3rd point above: "Repose of the Blessed Virgin Mary" is, to my ears, a strong lean in the direction of "Dormition of the Theotokos," the name of the feast in the Orthodox churches. J.M. Neale had a strong affinity for the Orthodox churches, was a prime mover at that time in ecumenical circles between Anglicanism and Orthodoxy, and himself published <a href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/neale/easternhymns.html">a book about Orthodox hymnody</a>. I'm wondering if this was the reason for his naming the Feast this way here - although again, it could also have been done that way in one of the other breviaries. More on this later, I hope - and more on Neale's book, after I've read it.<br />
<br />
(I've been attempting to gather the parallel Office propers for Dormition of the Theotokos, without much success so far; there is a Horologion (Orthodox Book of Hours) online, but it seems to be keyed to the date it's accessed. I haven't yet found a way to get the propers for a specific feast. Still working on this, too; would like to make comparisons here, too, and with some of the other breviaries mentioned above)<br />
<br />
Meantime, below are some of the differences between the two breviaries linked above, enumerated. I've also added the propers from the <a href="https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/15874/80/C-09%20August.pdf">Sarum Breviary</a>, in Latin. <br />
<br />
Amazingly, this entire post - which has taken me several hours already to prepare and to write, came about because I happened across the single Psalm antiphon at First Vespers of this Feast - "<i>I sleep. Alleluia : but my heart waketh. Alleluia.</i>" - and found it lovely! Beauty really <i>does </i>make a difference.<br />
<br />
<br />
Just for the sake of adding some music to this page: here's Cristobal de Morales' setting of the Responsory at Second Vespers, <i>Candida virginitas, </i>sung by the ensemble Tenet:<br />
<i></i><br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Hh3AMm_-RnM" width="480"></iframe><br />
<br />
<br />
Here's the English translation from the YouTube page; the Latin is below in the Sarum section of office propers:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
O radiant maidenhood, bright pillar of paradise, a garden enclosed, a springtime flowering plot of earth: for whose sake the whole world celebrates with song. Who was worthy to bear her Lord, may this same flowering virgin give us her son again: for whose sake the whole world celebrates with song.</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #4c1130;">Roman Breviary</span> </b></span><br />
<br />
<i>First Vespers of Assumption</i><br />
<br />
<b>Chapter.</b><br />
Sir 24:11-12: In all these I sought rest, and I will abide in the inheritance of the Lord. So the Creator of all things gave me a commandment and said, (and He That made me rested in my tabernacle).<br />
<br />
<b>Hymn</b>.<br />
Ave maris stella<br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon on Magnificat</b>. Maiden most wise, whither goest thou up, like the dawn gloriously rising ? O daughter of Zion, thou art all beautiful and pleasant, fair as the moon, clear as the sun. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song%20of%20Solomon+6:10&version=NKJV">Song of Solomon 6:10</a>]<br />
<br />
<i>Compline</i><br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon </b><b><b>on </b>Nunc Dimittis</b>. Protect us, * Lord, while we are awake and safeguard us while we sleep; that we may keep watch with Christ, and rest in peace.<br />
<br />
<i>Lauds of Assumption</i><br />
<br />
<b>First Psalm Antiphon. </b>Mary hath been taken to heaven ; the Angels rejoice ; they praise and bless the Lord.<br />
<b>Second </b><b><b>Psalm </b>Antiphon.</b> The Virgin Mary hath been taken into the chamber on high, where the King of kings sitteth on a throne amid the stars.<b><br />
Third </b><b><b>Psalm </b>Antiphon. </b>We run after thee, on the scent of thy perfumes — the virgins love thee heartily. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song%20of%20Solomon%201:3-4&version=KJV">Song of Solomon 1:3-4</a>]<br />
<b>Fourth </b><b><b>Psalm </b>Antiphon. </b>Blessed of the Lord art thou, O daughter, for by thee we have been given to eat of the fruit [of the tree] of Life.<br />
<b>Fifth </b><b><b>Psalm </b>Antiphon. </b>Fair and comely art thou, O daughter of Jerusalem, terrible as a fenced camp set in battle array. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Solomon+6%3A4&version=KJV">Song of Solomon 6:4</a>]<br />
<br />
<b>Chapter</b>. <br />
Sir 24:11-12: In all these I sought rest, and I will abide in the inheritance of the Lord. So the Creator of all things gave me a commandment and said, (and He That made me rested in my tabernacle).<br />
<br />
<b>Hymn</b>.<br />
O gloriósa vírginum,<br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon on Benedictus</b>. Who is she * that cometh up like the rising dawn, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, terrible as a fenced camp set in battle array? [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song%20of%20Solomon+6:10&version=NKJV">Song of Solomon 6:10</a>, <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Solomon+6%3A4&version=KJV">Song of Solomon 6:4</a>]<br />
<i><br />
Second Vespers.</i><br />
<br />
<b>Chapter</b>.<br />
Sir 24:11-12: In all these I sought rest, and I will abide in the inheritance of the Lord. So the Creator of all things gave me a commandment and said, (and He That made me rested in my tabernacle)<br />
<br />
<b>Hymn</b>.<br />
Ave maris stella,<br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon on Magnificat</b>. Today the Blessed Virgin Mary * ascended to heaven, rejoice, she reigns with Christ forever.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Breviary of St. Margaret</b></span></span><br />
<br />
<i>First Vespers of The Repose Of The Blessed Virgin Mary. </i><br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon to Psalms.</b> I sleep. Alleluia : but my heart waketh. Alleluia. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Solomon+5%3A2&version=KJV">Song of Songs 5:2</a>]<br />
<br />
<b>Chapter</b>. S. Luke i.<br />
BLESSED art thou among women; for thou hast found favour with God.<br />
<br />
<b>Hymn</b>.<br />
Quem terra, pontus, sidera, <br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon on Magnificat</b>. At our gates are all manner of pleasant fruits, new and old which I have laid up for Thee, my Beloved. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song%20of%20Solomon%207:13&version=KJV">Song of Solomon 7:13</a>]<br />
<br />
<b>Collect</b>.<br />
WE beseech Thee, Almighty God, grant that we, who commemorate the holy Repose of Blessed Mary, ever Virgin, may attain to participation in her eternal joys; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.<br />
<br />
<i>Compline</i>.<br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon </b><b><b>on </b>Nunc Dimittis</b>. I sat down under His shadow with great delight: and His fruit was sweet to my taste. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song%20of%20Solomon%202:2-4&version=KJV">Song of Solomon 2:3</a>]<br />
<br />
<i>Lauds.</i><br />
<br />
<b>First Psalm Antiphon. </b>O that I had wings like a dove : for then would I flee away, and be at rest. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+55%3A6&version=KJV">Psalm 55:6</a>]<br />
<b>Second Psalm Antiphon. </b>My beloved spake unto me, Rise up, My love, My fair one : and come away. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Solomon+2%3A10-17&version=KJV">Song of Solomon 2:10</a>]<br />
<b>Third Psalm Antiphon. </b>My soul thirsteth for Thee: my flesh also longeth after Thee. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+63&version=KJV">Psalm 63:1</a>]<br />
<b>Fourth Psalm Antiphon. </b>I am come into My garden, My sister, My spouse : I have gathered My myrrh with My spice. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Solomon+5&version=KJV">Song of Solomon 5:1</a>]<br />
<b>Fifth Psalm Antiphon. </b>The king's daughter is all glorious within : her clothing is of wrought gold. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+45%3A13&version=KJV">Psalm 45:13</a>]<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Chapter</b>. Is.lxii.<br />
THOU shalt also be a crown of glory in the hand of the Lord, and a royal diadem in the hand of thy God. For the Lord delighteth in thee, and thy God rejoiceth over thee. <br />
<br />
<b>Hymn</b>.<br />
O gloriosa Virginum, <br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon on Benedictus</b>. They blessed her, and said unto her, Thou art the exaltation of Jerusalem : thou art the great glory of Israel, thou art the great rejoicing of our nation. [<a href="http://www.biblestudytools.com/lxx/judith/15-9.html">Judith 15:9</a>]<br />
<br />
<i>Second Vespers</i>.<br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon on Magnificat</b>. He hath regarded the lowliness of His handmaiden : for behold, from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed. For He that is mighty hath magnified me.] [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=luke+1&version=KJV">Luke 1:48</a>]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #4c1130;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Sarum Breviary</b></span></span><br />
<br />
<i>First Vespers of Assumption</i> <br />
<br />
<b>First Psalm Antiphon. </b>Tota pulchra es * amíca mea, et mácula non est in te : favus distíllans lábia tua, mel et lac sub lingua tua, odor unguentórum tuórum super ómnia arómata : jam enim hyems tránsiit, ymber ábiit et recéssit, flores apparuérunt, vínee floréntes odórem dedérunt, et vox turtúris audíta est in terra nostra, surge própera amíca mea, veni de Líbano, veni coronáberis. <b>[</b><a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Songs+4%3A7&version=ESV">Song of Songs 4:7</a><b>]</b><br />
<b>Second Psalm Antiphon. </b>Anima mea * liquefácta est ut diléctus locútus est, quesívi et non invéni illum, vocávi et non respóndet michi : invenérunt me custódes civitátis percussérunt me et vulneravérunt me, tulérunt pállium meum custódes murórum : fílie Hierúsalem nunciáte dilécto quia amóre lángueo.<b> [</b><a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Songs+5%3A6-8&version=ESV">Song of Songs 5:6-8</a><b>]</b><br />
<b>Third Psalm Antiphon. </b>Qualis est diléctus * tuus ex diléctis o pulchérrima muliérum : amícus meus cándidus et rubicúndus eQ léctus ex mílibus leva ejus sub cápite meo : et déxtera illíus amplexábitur me. <b>[</b><a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Songs+5%3A9-11&version=ESV">Song of Songs 5:9-11</a><b>]</b><br />
<b>Fourth Psalm Antiphon. </b>Talis est * diléctus meus, et ipse est amícus meus, fílie Hierúsalem.<b> [</b><a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Songs+5%3A16b&version=ESV">Song of Songs 5:16b</a><b>]</b><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: blue; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.6667px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><br /></span><br />
<b>Fifth Psalm Antiphon. </b>Descéndi * in ortum meum ut vidérem po-ma convállium et inspícerem si floruíssent vínee : et germinássent mala púnica. Revértere, revértere Suná- quóniam bonus. mitis : revértere, revértere ut intueámur te.<b> [</b><a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Songs+6%3A10-12&version=ESV">Song of Songs 6:10,12</a><b>]</b><br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon on Magnificat</b>. Ascéndit Christus * super celos : et preparávit sue castíssime matri immortalitátis locum : et hec est illa preclára festívitas ómnium sanctórum festivitátibus incomparábilis in qua gloriósa et felix mirántibus celéstis cúrie ordínibus ad ethérium pervénit thálamum, quo pia sui mémorum ímmemor nequáquam exístat. <br />
<br />
<br />
<i>Compline</i><b> </b><br />
<br />
<b>First Antiphon. </b>Sancta * María virgo intercéde pro toto mundo, quia genuísti Regem orbis.<br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon </b><b><b>on </b>Nunc Dimittis</b>. Glorificámus * te Dei génitrix : quia ex te natus est Christus : salva omnes qui te gloríficant.<br />
<br />
<br />
<i>Lauds</i><b> </b><br />
<br />
<b>First Psalm Antiphon. </b>Assúmpta est * María in celum, gaudent ángeli laudántes benedícunt Dómi-num. <b> </b><br />
<b>Second Psalm Antiphon. </b>María virgo assúmpta est * ad ethéreum thálamum : in quo Rex regum stelláto sedet sólio.<b> </b><br />
<b>Third Psalm Antiphon. </b> In odórem * unguentórum tuórum cúrrimus adolescéntule dilexérunt te nimis. <b> </b><br />
<br />
<b>Fourth Psalm Antiphon. </b>Benedícta * a fílio tuo dómi-na : quia per te frúctui vite communicávimus. <b>Fifth Psalm Antiphon. </b>Pulchra es et decóra * fília Hierúsalem : terríbilis ut castrórum ácies ordináta. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song%20of%20Solomon+6:10&version=NKJV">Song of Solomon 6:10</a>, <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Solomon+6%3A4&version=KJV">Song of Solomon 6:4</a>]<br />
<br />
<b>Benedictus antiphon</b>: Que est ista * que ascéndit sicut auróra consúrgens, pulchra ut luna, elécta ut sol : terríbilis ut castrórum ácies ordináta. [<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song%20of%20Solomon+6:10&version=NKJV">Song of Solomon 6:10</a>, <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Song+of+Solomon+6%3A4&version=KJV">Song of Solomon 6:4</a>]<br />
<br />
<br />
<i>Second Vespers.</i><br />
<br />
<b>Single Psalm Antiphon. </b>Assúmpta est * María in celum, gaudent ángeli laudántes benedícunt Dómi-num. <br />
<br />
<b>Responsory</b>.<br />
<br />
Candida * virgínitas paradýsi cara colónis, ortus conclúsus florénti céspite vernans.<br />
†Cui mérito mundus célebrat.<br />
‡Precónia to-tus. <br />
V. Que méruit Dóminum progeneráre suum.<br />
†Cui.<br />
V. Glória Patri et Fílio : et Spirítui Sancto.<br />
‡Precónia.<br />
<br />
<b>Antiphon on Magnificat</b>. Hodie * María virgo celos ascéndit gaudéte : quia cum Christo regnat in etérnum. </div>
blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-67926303359015459512017-06-24T22:24:00.001-04:002017-06-24T22:24:18.676-04:00St. John the Baptist, June 24: De Ventre Matris Meae ("From my mother’s womb")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<i>De Ventre Matris Meae</i> is the Introit for the Feast of St. John Baptist, June 24. It's sung here by Schola Sanctae Sunnivae & Hartkeriana.<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UbAqqbizHhw" width="560"></iframe><br />
<br />
The text comes from Isaiah 49; here's the Latin, along with an English translation from <a href="http://www.divinumofficium.com/cgi-bin/horas/officium.pl">Divinum Officium</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>De ventre matris meæ vocávit me Dóminus in nómine meo: et pósuit os meum ut gládium acútum: sub teguménto manus suæ protéxit me, et pósuit me quasi sagíttam eléctam</i><br />
<br />
From my mother’s womb the Lord called me by me name, and made of me a sharp-edged sword; He concealed me in the shadow of His arm, and made me a polished arrow.</blockquote>
<br />
<br />
Here's the chant score:<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N5y_eua47do/WU8IWuGteGI/AAAAAAAAGHQ/9P2zTqqKPVMeOIvSoCt17vK1CpEE_B-BQCLcBGAs/s1600/de_ventre.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="391" height="308" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N5y_eua47do/WU8IWuGteGI/AAAAAAAAGHQ/9P2zTqqKPVMeOIvSoCt17vK1CpEE_B-BQCLcBGAs/s320/de_ventre.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Here are the actual verses from Isaiah 49:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
1 Give ear, ye islands, and hearken, ye people from afar. The Lord hath called me from the womb, from the bowels of my mother he hath been mindful of my name.<br />
<br />
2 And he hath made my mouth like a sharp sword: in the shadow of his hand he hath protected me, and hath made me as a chosen arrow: in his quiver he hath hidden me.</blockquote>
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In the <a href="http://cantusdatabase.org/node/396111">Cantus database</a> this chant is only listed as a Matins Responsory; not sure why that would be. Here's an image of that Responsory from the <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b60007359/f344.image">Antiphonarium Massiliense</a>; the large red "D" is where the chant begins:<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cL7v-jb6344/WU8MiplUFiI/AAAAAAAAGHc/_Sd_tHv7mJQd1MzKm1YjTCU6w5lQqvBCwCLcBGAs/s1600/Antiphonarium_Massiliense__btv1b60007359.JPEG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1566" data-original-width="1022" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cL7v-jb6344/WU8MiplUFiI/AAAAAAAAGHc/_Sd_tHv7mJQd1MzKm1YjTCU6w5lQqvBCwCLcBGAs/s640/Antiphonarium_Massiliense__btv1b60007359.JPEG" width="416" /></a></div>
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Interesting, though: I don't find this listed as a Matins Responsory in Divinum Officium. So, not quite sure what's going on there.<br />
<br />
<br />
Here's the famous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deesis#/media/File:Deesis_mosaic_Hagia_Sophia.jpg">Deesis Mosaic from Hagia Sophia</a>; that's John the Baptist on the right:<br />
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<br />
This is from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deesis">Wikipedia's Deesis entry</a>:<br /><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a>, and later <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> art generally, the <b>Deësis</b> or <b>Deisis</b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">δέησις</span>, "prayer" or "supplication"), is a traditional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">iconic</a> representation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_in_Majesty" title="Christ in Majesty">Christ in Majesty</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator">Christ Pantocrator</a>: enthroned, carrying a book, and flanked by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Virgin Mary</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist" title="St. John the Baptist">St. John the Baptist</a>,
and sometimes other saints and angels. Mary and John, and any other
figures, are shown facing towards Christ with their hands raised in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supplication" title="Supplication">supplication</a> on behalf of humanity.<br />
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
In early examples, it was often placed on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templon" title="Templon">templon</a> beam in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> churches or above doors, though it also appears on <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icons" title="Icons">icons</a> and devotional ivories.</blockquote>
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-44375174686313035922017-06-02T13:06:00.002-04:002017-06-02T13:08:37.378-04:00The Pentecost Offertory: Confirma Hoc Deus ("Stablish the thing, O God")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This version is sung by Cantarte Regensburg:<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/CAjWHMK8xMA" width="560"></iframe><br />
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The text is taken from <a href="http://www3.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Psalm_68" title="Psalm 68">Psalm 67:29b-30 (Vulgate)</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Confirma hoc Deus, quod operatus es in nobis;</i><br />
<i>A templo tuo quod est in Jerusalem, tibi offerent Reges munera.</i><br />
<i>Alleluia. </i><br />
<br />
Stablish the thing, O God, that thou hast wrought in us,<br />
For thy temple's sake at Jerusalem: so shall kings bring presents unto thee.<br />
Alleluia. </blockquote>
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Here's the chant score:<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-O6a5TAddBCg/WTGIy1t8XrI/AAAAAAAAGGc/8kN0ykzsfqsgdMtis6l-rVhE3Bm6-h6IQCLcB/s1600/of_confirma_hoc_deus.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="801" data-original-width="1182" height="216" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-O6a5TAddBCg/WTGIy1t8XrI/AAAAAAAAGGc/8kN0ykzsfqsgdMtis6l-rVhE3Bm6-h6IQCLcB/s320/of_confirma_hoc_deus.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
<span id="goog_1019394952"></span><span id="goog_1019394953"></span><br />
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William Byrd, among others, set this text. Here's his setting, sung by the Gloriana Ensemble:<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zITGBz4e2_w" width="560"></iframe><br />
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The same text (although without the final clause) is used for the Antiphon sung at Confirmation: <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"When all are confirmed, the Bishop washes his hands while the following is sung:" - Liber Usualis, 1961; Administration of Confirmation.</blockquote>
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<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lGm7le_avWc" width="560"></iframe><br />
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Here's a page from the <a href="http://hymnary.org/hymn/DLSH1913/page/34">De la Salle Hymnal</a>; this looks to me like a congregational setting of the same antiphon:<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mPw6-Kwq974/WTGK4hEFbPI/AAAAAAAAGGk/l6JzExSWH2c_HBnXgAB9AiTIYqu41QfFACLcB/s1600/0046%253D34.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="941" data-original-width="640" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mPw6-Kwq974/WTGK4hEFbPI/AAAAAAAAGGk/l6JzExSWH2c_HBnXgAB9AiTIYqu41QfFACLcB/s400/0046%253D34.jpg" width="272" /></a></div>
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And don't forget to read <a href="http://fullhomelydivinity.org/articles/Whitsun.htm"><i>Full Homely Divinity</i>'s Pentecost entry</a>!<br />
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Here are links to all the propers on the day, <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/missa_dominica_pentecostes.html">from the Benedictines of Brazil</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Dominica Pentecostes ad Missam in die</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Introitus: <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/in_spiritus_domini.mp3">Spiritus Domini</a><i> (cum Gloria Patri)</i>(5m07.0s - 4798 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/in_spiritus_domini.gif">view score</a><br />
Alleluia: <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/al_emitte_spiritum_tuum.mp3">Emitte Spiritum tuum</a> (1m55.4s - 1806 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/al_emitte_spiritum_tuum.gif">view score</a><br />
Alleluia: <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/al_veni_sancte_spiritus.mp3">Veni, Sancte Spiritus</a> (2m02.9s - 1922 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/al_veni_sancte_spiritus.gif">view score</a><br />
Sequentia: <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/seq_veni_sancte_spiritus.mp3">Veni, Sancte Spiritus</a> (2m29.7s - 2341 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/seq_veni_sancte_spiritus.gif">view score</a><br />
Offertorium: <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/of_confirma_hoc_deus.mp3">Confirma hoc, Deus</a> (1m35.3s - 1491 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/of_confirma_hoc_deus.gif">view score</a><br />
Communio: <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/co_factus_est_repente.mp3">Factus est repente</a> (1m16.3s - 1195 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/co_factus_est_repente.gif">view score</a><br />
Ad dimittendum populum: <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/cantus/ite_missa_est.mp3">Ite missa est</a> (28.7s - 451 kb) <a href="http://www.christusrex.org/www2/cantgreg/partituras/ite_missa_est.gif">view score</a></div>
</blockquote>
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And here are Chantblog posts on the Pentecost propers:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2011/06/introit-for-june-12-day-of-pentecost.html">The Introit for the Day of Pentecost: <i>Spiritus Domini </i>("The Spirit of the Lord")</a></li>
<li><i><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2013/05/alleluia-emitte-spiritum-tuum-alleluia.html">Alleluia, Emitte Spiritum Tuum </a></i><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2013/05/alleluia-emitte-spiritum-tuum-alleluia.html">("Send forth Thy Spirit")</a> - an Alleluia for Pentecost<i> </i></li>
<li><i><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/alleluja-veni-sancte-spiritus.html">Alleluja, Veni Sancte Spiritus</a></i><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/alleluja-veni-sancte-spiritus.html"> </a><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2010/05/alleluja-veni-sancte-spiritus.html">("Come Holy Spirit")</a>, the second Alleluia for Pentecost<i> </i></li>
<li><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2009/06/pentecost-sequence.html">The Pentecost Sequence</a> <i>(Veni, Sancte Spiritus)</i></li>
<li><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2017/06/the-pentecost-offertory-confirma-hoc.html">The Pentecost Offertory: </a><i><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2017/06/the-pentecost-offertory-confirma-hoc.html"> Confirma Hoc Deus</a></i><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2017/06/the-pentecost-offertory-confirma-hoc.html"> ("Stablish the thing, O God")</a><i> </i></li>
<li><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-communion-song-for-pentecost-factus.html">The Communion Song for Pentecost:</a><i><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-communion-song-for-pentecost-factus.html"> Factus est repente de caelo sonus </a></i><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-communion-song-for-pentecost-factus.html">("Suddenly there came a sound from heaven")</a><i> </i></li>
<li><a href="http://chantblog.blogspot.com/2009/05/sarum-pentecost-office.html">The Sarum Pentecost Office</a> </li>
</ul>
<br />
Here's a piece of Pentecost art, from the well-known Book of Hours <i>Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry</i>, Folio 79r - Pentecost the Musée Condé, Chantilly. <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WWkQ_JxOep0/WTGafYRwKSI/AAAAAAAAGGw/waLPF-Jbf3EiEtetimuRZvUE3qLx0t5RACLcB/s1600/Folio_79r_-_Pentecostes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="938" data-original-width="640" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WWkQ_JxOep0/WTGafYRwKSI/AAAAAAAAGGw/waLPF-Jbf3EiEtetimuRZvUE3qLx0t5RACLcB/s640/Folio_79r_-_Pentecostes.jpg" width="436" /></a></div>
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-89177893264240324502017-04-15T12:15:00.001-04:002017-04-15T15:04:50.749-04:00Holy Saturday: Recessit Pastor Noster ("Our Shepherd is Departed")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
From the YouTube link: "Paweł Łukaszewski's haunting <i>Recessit Pastor Noster</i> is sung in Ely Cathedral's medieval Lady Chapel to great effect."
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/T9C5v5uTFdQ" width="480"></iframe><br />
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<i>Recessit Pastor Noster</i> is the fourth Tenebrae Responsory for Holy Saturday. <a href="http://www0.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Recessit_Pastor_noster" target="_blank">CPDL gives us the text</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Recessit pastor noster fons aquae vivae </i><br />
<i>ad cuius transitum sol obscuratus est:</i><br />
<i>Nam et ille captus est, qui captivum tenebat primum hominem: </i><br />
<i>hodie portas mortis et seras pariter Salvator noster disrupit.</i><br />
<i>Verse: Destruxit quidem claustra inferni </i><br />
<i>et subvertit potentias diaboli.</i><br />
<i>{Nam et ille…]</i><br />
<br />
Alternative verse<br />
<i>Ante cuius conspectum mors fugit,</i><br />
<i>Ad cuius vocem mortui resurgent:</i><br />
<i>Videntes autem eum portae mortis confractae sunt.</i><br />
<br />
<br />
Our Shepherd is departed, the fount of living water,<br />
At whose passing the sun was darkened,<br />
For even he was made captive who was holding captive the first man.<br />
Today the gates of death and their bars as well our Savior has destroyed.<br />
Verse: Indeed He has destroyed the strongholds of the underworld<br />
And he has overthrown the powers of the devil.<br />
[For even he…]<br />
<br />
Alternative verse<br />
Before whose presence death flees<br />
At whose voice the dead will be raised;<br />
And seeing him the gates of death are broken.<br />
<br />
Translation by Paul Pascal</blockquote>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_%C5%81ukaszewski">From the Wikipedia entry</a> on Paweł Łukaszewski:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Paweł Łukaszewski</b> is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> composer of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choral_music" title="Choral music">choral music</a>. He has won seven prestigious <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryderyk" title="Fryderyk">Fryderyk</a>
Awards. According to David Wordsworth, Łukaszewski is the best-known
Polish composer of his generation in and out of Poland "by far"
(Wordsworth 2013, p. 50).</blockquote>
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11760886.post-83548581228453715852017-03-19T21:54:00.001-04:002017-03-19T22:09:59.110-04:00Extollens vocem ("A woman called out")<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
This is the Antiphon upon Magnificat at Vespers for the Third Sunday of Lent. The singers are the "Grup de Cant gregorià de l'Ateneu de Sant Just Desvern, Director Ramon Moragas."<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-Dgke2fluzo" width="560"></iframe><br />
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The text is taken from <a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+11&version=NIV" target="_blank">Luke 11:27b-28</a>.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>Extollens vocem quaedam mulier de turba, dixit; Beatus venter qui te portavit et ubera quae suxisti. At Jesus ait illi; Quinimo beati qui audiunt verbum Dei, et custodiunt illud.</i><br />
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A certain woman in the crowd raising her voice said; Blessed is the womb that bare thee, and the breasts that gave thee suck. But Jesus said to her: Yea rather, blessed are they that hear the word of God, and keep it.</blockquote>
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Here's the chant score:<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KaJCFGGBpQk/WM80SXtT_tI/AAAAAAAAGFs/z5jUaSv7CnAnBZMwbILSm0cUY8fdVhdawCLcB/s1600/extollens.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="281" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KaJCFGGBpQk/WM80SXtT_tI/AAAAAAAAGFs/z5jUaSv7CnAnBZMwbILSm0cUY8fdVhdawCLcB/s320/extollens.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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FYI, according to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Just_Desvern" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Sant Just Desvern (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈsaɲ ˈʒust dəzˈβɛrn]) (Old Catalan for Saint Justin of-the-Buckthorn) is a town near Barcelona, in the comarca of the Baix Llobregat,[1] Catalonia, Spain. Baix Llobregat has an area of 486.5km2, population of 643,419 inhabitants (1996), density of 1322.5 inhabitants/km2 and Sant Feliu de Llobregat is the capital.</blockquote>
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blshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07627725321531151309noreply@blogger.com0